{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:20:07Z","timestamp":1791109207473,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Human anthrax infection cannot always be treated successfully by antibiotics, as highlighted by recent bioterrorist attacks; thus, adjunct therapies are clearly needed for the future. There is a particular need to further develop adjunct therapies that can neutralize secreted toxins, such as antibodies directed towards the 83-kDa protective antigen (PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            ). In the absence of human donors, we immunized a macaque (\n            <jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>\n            ) with PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            to obtain such antibodies suitable as an adjunct therapy for human anthrax infection. By using bone marrow as a template, we PCR amplified specific Fab-encoding genes and cloned them as an immune library (10\n            <jats:sup>7<\/jats:sup>\n            clones). We isolated a high-affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant [\n            <jats:italic>\n              K\n              <jats:sub>D<\/jats:sub>\n            <\/jats:italic>\n            ], 3.4 nM), highly neutralizing (50% inhibitory concentration, 5.6 \u00b1 0.13 nM) Fab (designated 35PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            ) from this library by panning. Its epitope was localized by Pepscan analysis between residues 686 and 694 of PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            and is part of the region which directly interacts with the cell receptor. 35PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            may thus neutralize the anthrax toxin by competing directly for its receptor. The genes encoding 35PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            were similar to those of a human immunoglobulin germ line and were assigned to subgroups of human V, (D), or J genes by IMGT\/V-QUEST analysis. The 35PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            framework regions were 92% identical to a representative allele of each subgroup. When compared to framework regions coded by related human germ line genes, only 2 of 74 (VH) or 75 (VK) analyzed amino acids of 35PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            have different chemical characteristics. A very high degree of identity with human framework regions makes 35PA\n            <jats:sub>83<\/jats:sub>\n            well suited for expression as a whole primatized immunoglobulin G and demonstrates the practicality of using macaque Fabs when immunized human plasma cell donors are not available.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.49.8.3414-3420.2005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,27]],"date-time":"2005-07-27T10:52:45Z","timestamp":1122461565000},"page":"3414-3420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Selection of a Macaque Fab with Framework Regions Like Those in Humans, High Affinity, and Ability To Neutralize the Protective Antigen (PA) of\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            by Binding to the Segment of PA between Residues 686 and 694"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Laffly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 2939 GDR CNRS, Virologie mole\u0301culaire et structurale, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludivine","family":"Danjou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De\u0301partement de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Condemine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De\u0301partement de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominique","family":"Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De\u0301partement de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel","family":"Drouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EA 2939 GDR CNRS, Virologie mole\u0301culaire et structurale, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Paule","family":"Lefranc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d'ImmunoGe\u0301ne\u0301tique Mole\u0301culaire (LIGM), Universite\u0301 Montpellier II, UPR CNRS 1142, Institut de Ge\u0301ne\u0301tique Humaine (IGH), Montpellier, France, and Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Bottex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De\u0301partement de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Thullier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"De\u0301partement de biologie des agents transmissibles, Centre de Recherche du Service de Sante\u0301 des Arme\u0301es, La Tronche, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-5-51"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00221-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Phage display: a laboratory manual 2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/n35101999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096032700678815783"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.12.4431"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(02)00026-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/11717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-1990-1105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(89)90602-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2004.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(99)00137-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.3716-3723.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.17.2236"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-8244(03)00302-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(91)90331-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg085"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","first-page":"17","volume":"4","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lefranc, M. 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