{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T20:43:05Z","timestamp":1770410585761,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,1]],"date-time":"2006-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1138752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We report multifocal detection (four different cities in northern Italy) of\n            <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates resistant to both oxyimino- and 7-\u03b1-methoxy-cephalosporins and producing a novel acquired AmpC-like \u03b2-lactamase. The enzyme, named CMY-16, is a variant of the CMY\/LAT lineage, which differs from the closest homologues, CMY-4 and CMY-12, by a single amino acid substitution (A171S or N363S, respectively) and from CMY-2 by two substitutions (A171S and W221R). Expression of the cloned\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CMY-16<\/jats:sub>\n            gene in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            decreased susceptibility to penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. Tazobactam was more effective than clavulanate at antagonizing the enzyme activity. Genotyping, by random amplification of polymorphic DNA and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA digested with SfiI, showed that isolates were clonally related to each other, although not identical. The\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CMY-16<\/jats:sub>\n            gene was not transferable to\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            by conjugation or transformation. In all isolates, it was chromosomally located and inserted in a conserved genetic environment. PCR mapping experiments revealed that the\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CMY-16<\/jats:sub>\n            was flanked by IS\n            <jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic>\n            and the\n            <jats:italic>blc<\/jats:italic>\n            gene, similar to other genes of this lineage from plasmids of\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella<\/jats:italic>\n            spp., and\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . Overall, these results revealed multifocal spreading of a CMY-16-producing\n            <jats:italic>P. mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            clone in northern Italy. This finding represents the first report of an acquired AmpC-like \u03b2-lactamase in\n            <jats:italic>Proteus mirabilis<\/jats:italic>\n            from Italy and underscores the emergence of similar resistance determinants in the European setting.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.50.2.618-624.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,1,25]],"date-time":"2006-01-25T21:53:41Z","timestamp":1138226021000},"page":"618-624","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["CMY-16, a Novel Acquired AmpC-Type \u03b2-Lactamase of the CMY\/LAT Lineage in Multifocal Monophyletic Isolates of\n            <i>Proteus mirabilis<\/i>\n            from Northern Italy"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Marco M.","family":"D'Andrea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biotecnologia dei Microrganismi, Universita\u0300 di Siena, I-53100 Siena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Nucleo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche Eidologiche e Cliniche, Sezione di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Luzzaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Microbiologia, Ospedale di Circolo, Universita\u0300 dell'Insubria, I-21100 Varese"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biotecnologia dei Microrganismi, Universita\u0300 di Siena, I-53100 Siena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Migliavacca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche Eidologiche e Cliniche, Sezione di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Vailati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedali Riuniti, I-24128 Bergamo"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vesselina","family":"Kroumova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale Maggiore, I-28100 Novara, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Pagani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Morfologiche Eidologiche e Cliniche, Sezione di Microbiologia, Universita\u0300 di Pavia, I-27100 Pavia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gian Maria","family":"Rossolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia Molecolare, Laboratorio di Fisiologia e Biotecnologia dei Microrganismi, Universita\u0300 di Siena, I-53100 Siena"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/20.19.5137"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.2.533-537.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01178.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.14.4.933-951.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.5.1110"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1211"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2005. 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