{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T10:56:28Z","timestamp":1791284188122,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The inactivation of virus-contaminated nonporous inanimate surfaces was investigated using adenovirus type 8, a common cause of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. A 10-\u03bcl inoculum of adenovirus was placed onto each stainless steel disk (1-cm diameter), and the inoculum was allowed to air dry for 40 min. Twenty-one different germicides (including disinfectants and antiseptics) were selected for this study based on their current uses in health care. After a 1- or 5-minute exposure to 50 \u03bcl of the germicide, the virus-germicide test mixture was neutralized and assayed for infectivity. Using an efficacy criterion of a 3-log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction in the titer of virus infectivity and regardless of the virus suspending medium (i.e., hard water, sterile water, and hard water with 5% fetal calf serum), only five disinfectants proved to be effective against the test virus at 1 min: 0.55%\n                    <jats:italic>ortho<\/jats:italic>\n                    -phthalaldehyde, 2.4% glutaraldehyde, 2.65% glutaraldehyde, \u223c6,000 ppm chlorine, and \u223c1,900 ppm chlorine. Four other disinfectants showed effectiveness under four of the five testing conditions: 70% ethanol, 65% ethanol with 0.63% quaternary ammonium compound, 79.6% ethanol with 0.1% quaternary ammonium compound, and 0.2% peracetic acid. Of the germicides suitable for use as an antiseptic, 70% ethanol achieved a 3-log\n                    <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n                    reduction under four of the five test conditions. These results emphasize the need for proper selection of germicides for use in disinfecting noncritical surfaces and semicritical medical devices, such as applanation tonometers, in order to prevent outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.50.4.1419-1424.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,28]],"date-time":"2006-03-28T17:03:12Z","timestamp":1143565392000},"page":"1419-1424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Efficacy of Hospital Germicides against Adenovirus 8, a Common Cause of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis in Health Care Facilities"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"William A.","family":"Rutala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey E.","family":"Peacock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Gergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Sobsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Health Care System, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7030"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)70640-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(95)90196-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"533","volume":"34","year":"1985","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1985. Recommendations for preventing possible transmission of human T-lymphotropic virus type III\/lymphadenopathy-associated virus from tears. Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.34:533-534.","journal-title":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199703000-00028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(87)33250-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"401","year":"2004","unstructured":"Durand, M., D. J. Weber, and W. A. Rutala. 2004. Nosocomial ocular infections, p. 401-414. In C. G. Mayhall (ed.), Hospital epidemiology and infection control. 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Muench. 1938. A simple method of estimating fifty percent endpoints. Am. J. Hyg.27:493-497.","journal-title":"Am. J. Hyg."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"313","volume":"24","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rutala, W. A. 1996. APIC guideline for selection and use of disinfectants. 1994, 1995, and 1996 APIC Guidelines Committee. Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Am. J. Infect. Control24:313-342.","journal-title":"Inc. Am. J. Infect. Control"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","first-page":"1473","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rutala, W. A., and D. J. Weber. 2004. Selection and use of disinfectants in healthcare, p. 1473-1522. In C. G. Mayhall (ed.), Hospital epidemiology and infection control, 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa.","journal-title":"Hospital epidemiology and infection control"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","unstructured":"Morb. Mortal. Wkly. 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