{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T02:43:54Z","timestamp":1789785834443,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,1]],"date-time":"2006-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1146441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Antimicrob Agents Chemother"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The colonization of uropathogenic bacteria on urinary catheters resulting in biofilm formation frequently leads to the infection of surrounding tissue and often requires removal of the catheter. Infections associated with biofilms are difficult to treat since they may be more than 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. We have developed an antibiofilm composition comprising an\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -acetyl-\n            <jats:sc>d<\/jats:sc>\n            -glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase (GlmU) inhibitor and protamine sulfate, a cationic polypeptide. The antibiofilm activity of GlmU inhibitors, such as iodoacetamide (IDA),\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -ethyl maleimide (NEM), and NEM analogs, including\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -phenyl maleimide,\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            \u2032-(1,2-phenylene)dimaleimide (oPDM), and\n            <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n            -(1-pyrenyl)maleimide (PyrM), was tested against that of catheter-associated uropathogens. Both IDA and NEM inhibited biofilm formation in\n            <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n            . All NEM analogs showed antibiofilm activity against clinical isolates of\n            <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n            . The combination of oPDM with protamine sulfate (PS) enhanced its antibiofilm activity and reduced its effective concentration to as low as 12.5 \u03bcM. In addition, we found that the in vitro inhibitory activity of oPDM-plus-PS-coated silicone catheters against\n            <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n            colonization was superior to that of catheters coated with silver hydrogel. Confocal scanning laser microscopy further confirmed that the oPDM-plus-PS-coated silicone catheters were almost free from bacterial colonization. Thus, a broad-spectrum antibiofilm composition comprising a GlmU inhibitor and protamine sulfate shows promise for use in anti-infective coatings for medical devices, including urinary catheters.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.50.5.1835-1840.2006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]],"date-time":"2006-04-26T22:58:47Z","timestamp":1146092327000},"page":"1835-1840","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":81,"title":["Antibiofilm Activity of GlmU Enzyme Inhibitors against Catheter-Associated Uropathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Euan","family":"Burton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Kane Biotech Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Purushottam V.","family":"Gawande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kane Biotech Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nandadeva","family":"Yakandawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kane Biotech Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"LoVetri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kane Biotech Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George G.","family":"Zhanel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Health Science Centre, MS673-820 Sherbrook St., Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3A 1R9"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Romeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 3105 Rollins Research Centre, 1510 Clifton Rd. NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert D.","family":"Friesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicure Inc., 4-1200 Waverley Street, Winnipeg, MB, Canada, R3T 0P4"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivasa","family":"Madhyastha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kane Biotech Inc., Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002840010105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.44.7.1818-1824.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00267068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.1997.00378.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.18.5385-5394.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901073400101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1417-1421.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"675","volume":"49","year":"1994","unstructured":"Filho, V. C., T. Pinhbiro, R. J. Nunes, and R. A. Yunes. 1994. Antibacterial activity of N-phenylmaleimides, N-phenylsuccinimides and related compounds. Structure-activity relationships. Farmaco49:675-677.","journal-title":"Farmaco"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03420060094039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/17.6.755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2004.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55596-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.2.667"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.1.382-387.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.184.1.290-301.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.43.12.2990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.37.9.2033"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.176.18.5788-5795.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la9813580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.18.4799-4803.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh479"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","first-page":"1035","year":"1996","unstructured":"Raetz, C. R. H. 1996. Bacterial lipopolysaccharides: a remarkable family of bioactive macroamphiphiles, p. 1035-1063. In F. C. Neidhardt, R. Curtiss III, J. L. Ingraham, E. C. C. Lin, K. B. Low, B. Magasanki, W. S. Reznikoff, M. Riley, M. Schaechter, and H. E. Umbarger (ed.), Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology, 2nd ed. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Escherichia coli and Salmonella: cellular and molecular biology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.6.1281"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"293","volume":"94","year":"1996","unstructured":"Stickler, D. J. 1996. Bacterial biofilms and the encrustation of urethral catheters. Biofouling94:293-305.","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160705"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)32864-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30152-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-827X(02)01217-X"}],"container-title":["Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1835-1840.2006","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1835-1840.2006","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T19:04:18Z","timestamp":1645470258000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1835-1840.2006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AAC.50.5.1835-1840.2006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.50.5.1835-1840.2006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0066-4804","1098-6596"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0066-4804","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-6596","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2005-10-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-02-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-05-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}