{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:35:10Z","timestamp":1781116510104,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,1]],"date-time":"2006-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1154390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In the north central and northeastern United States,\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            sensu stricto, the etiologic agent of Lyme disease (LD), is maintained in an enzootic cycle between the vector,\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n            , and the primary reservoir host,\n            <jats:italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n            . Genetic diversity of the pathogen based on sequencing of two plasmid-located genes, those for outer surface protein A (\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) and outer surface protein C (\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            ), has been examined in both tick and human specimens at local, regional, and worldwide population scales. Additionally, previous studies have only been conducted with tick or human specimens at the local population level in areas with high LD transmission rates. This study examined the genetic diversity of circulating borreliae in the reservoir population from a large region of the western coastal plains of southern Maryland, where moderate numbers of human LD cases are reported. Six\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            mobility classes, including two that were not previously described, and eight\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            groups were found among the\n            <jats:italic>P. leucopus<\/jats:italic>\n            samples. Twenty-five percent of all specimens were infected with more than one\n            <jats:italic>ospA<\/jats:italic>\n            or\n            <jats:italic>ospC<\/jats:italic>\n            variant. The frequency distribution of variants was homogeneous, both locally and spatially. The spirochete diversity found in Maryland was not as high as that observed among northern tick populations, yet similar genotypes were observed in both populations. These results also show that mice are important for maintaining\n            <jats:italic>Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n            variants, even rare variants, and that reservoir populations should therefore be considered when assessing the diversity of\n            <jats:italic>B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00014-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,2]],"date-time":"2006-08-02T23:53:37Z","timestamp":1154562817000},"page":"5331-5341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Genetic Diversity of\n            <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n            Sensu Stricto in\n            <i>Peromyscus leucopus<\/i>\n            , the Primary Reservoir of Lyme Disease in a Region of Endemicity in Southern Maryland"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, Maryland 21205"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1879-1884.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1988.tb31847.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"713","volume":"104","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brisson, D., and D. E. Dykhuizen. 2004. ospC diversity in Borrelia burgdorferi: different hosts are different niches. Genetics104:713-722.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/382594"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"51","volume":"11","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caporale, D. A., and T. D. Kocher. 1994. Sequence variation in the outer-surface-protein genes of Borrelia burgdorferi. Mol. Biol. Evol.11:51-64.","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(01)02066-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10163"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2992329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.2.657-661.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0804.000413"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2415-2420.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-46-4-898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.5.1388-1391.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.8.3213-3221.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0306845101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.3.652-656.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"95","volume":"41","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hall, T. 1999. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser.41:95-98.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.2.462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.598"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.11.5709-5716.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/21.16.3637"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"37","volume":"182","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jauris-Heipke, S., R. Fuchs, M. Motz, V. Preac-Mursic, E. Schwab, E. Soutschek, G. Will, and B. Wilske. 1993. Genetic heterogeneity of the genes coding for the outer surface protein C (ospC) and the flagellin of Borrelia burgdorferi. Med. Microbiol. Immunol.182:37-50.","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1860-1866.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"1244","volume":"17","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kumar, S., K. Tamura, I. Jakobsen, and M. Nei. 1993. MEGA: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis. Bioinformatics17:1244-1245.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","first-page":"562","volume":"114","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lagal, V., D. Postic, and G. Baranton. 2002. Molecular diversity of the ospC gene in Borrelia. Impact on phylogeny, epidemiology and pathology. Wien. Klin. Wochenschr.114:562-567.","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.11.5059-5065.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.36.010191.003103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.7.2572-2583.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2500-2507.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.mmi_18020257.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.6.1138-1141.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.8.1482-1486.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.9.2427-2434.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.3965-3970.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.6.2611-2617.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-47-4-1112"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-49-4-1409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.1.60-63.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.9.2359-2364.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/34.6.696"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.8.2766"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.12.5097-5105.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419894"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.65.10.4043-4047.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-001-0034-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.9.817"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-44-4-743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/175.2.400"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-5223.1997.00203.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402745101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/160.3.833"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","first-page":"145","volume":"7213","year":"1972","unstructured":"Rogers, J. 1972. Measure of genetic similarity and genetic distance. Stud. Genet.7213:145-153.","journal-title":"Stud. Genet."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.61.5.2192-2195.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","unstructured":"Schneider S. D. Roessli and L. Excoffier. 2000. Arlequin: a software for population genetics data analysis. Ver 2.000. Genetics and Biometry Lab Department of Anthropology University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","first-page":"625","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schwan, T. G., W. Burgdorfer, and P. Rosa. 1995. Borrelia, p. 625-635. In P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron, M. A. Pfaller, F. C. Tenover, and R. H. Yolken (ed.), Manual of clinical microbiology, 6th ed. ASM Press, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.12.3082-3088.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3518-3524.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.135.11.1329"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","first-page":"463","volume":"2","year":"2000","unstructured":"Seshu, J., and J. Skare. 2000. The many faces of Borrelia burgdorferi. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol.2:463-472.","journal-title":"J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.611"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.8.3568-3571.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","unstructured":"Swofford D. 2003. PAUP*. Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates Sunderland Mass."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2413068"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","first-page":"512","volume":"10","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tamura, K., and M. Nei. 1993. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol. Biol. Evol.10:512-526.","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.177.11.3036-3044.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.24.4876"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.11.4856-4866.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2508(00)00155-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.633"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang I.-N. D. E. Dykhuizen W. Qiu J. J. Dunn E. M. Bosler and B. J. Luft. 1999. Genetic diversity of ospC in a local population of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto. Genetics 151 : 15-30.","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00221390"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.1.103-109.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","first-page":"92","volume":"263","year":"1986","unstructured":"Wilske, B., V. Preac-Mursic, G. Schierz, and K. Busch. 1986. Immunochemical and immunological analysis of European Borrelia burgdorferi strains. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. A263:92-102.","journal-title":"Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. A"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20031960"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","first-page":"57","volume":"181","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zumstein, G., R. Fuchs, A. Hofmann, V. Preac-Mursic, E. Soutschek, and B. Wilske. 1992. Genetic polymorphism of the gene encoding the outer surface protein A (ospA). Med. Microbiol. Immunol.181:57-70.","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00014-06","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00014-06","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T16:19:00Z","timestamp":1645633140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.00014-06"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.00014-06"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00014-06","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2006-01-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-06-08","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2006-08-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}