{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:59:53Z","timestamp":1792007993736,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561939200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000040","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AIP P270"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AIP P270"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000040","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Antimicrobial resistance is a global problem. The antimicrobial ceftiofur has been used worldwide for disease prevention in poultry production, resulting in a greatly increased resistance to this antimicrobial important in poultry and human medicine. Our study examined the impact of ceftiofur cessation and its replacement with the antimicrobial combination lincomycin-spectinomycin, a common practice in the industry. Our study demonstrated a decrease in ceftiofur resistance after the cessation of ceftiofur use, although the resistance genes remain ubiquitous in all phases of poultry production, showing that poultry remains a reservoir for ceftiofur resistance and requiring continued vigilance. We also observed a decrease in multidrug resistance involving different antimicrobial classes after cessation of ceftiofur but an increase following use of lincomycin-spectinomycin, indicating that this antimicrobial use should be questioned. Reduced resistance to ceftiofur in poultry may translate to better treatment efficacy, decreased morbidity\/mortality, and enhanced food safety for humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00037-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,26]],"date-time":"2019-04-26T10:22:21Z","timestamp":1556274141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Effect of Cessation of Ceftiofur and Substitution with Lincomycin-Spectinomycin on Extended-Spectrum-\u03b2-Lactamase\/AmpC Genes and Multidrug Resistance in Escherichia coli from a Canadian Broiler Production Pyramid"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"L.","family":"Verrette","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. M.","family":"Fairbrother","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Boulianne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"},{"name":"Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2013.866213"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079450500179046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179384"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2015.1960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2010.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.03106-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","volume-title":"Ranking of medically important antimicrobials for riskmanagement of antimicrobial resistancedue to non-human use","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2017. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, 5th revision 2016. Ranking of medically important antimicrobials for riskmanagement of antimicrobial resistancedue to non-human use. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","unstructured":"Gouvernement du Canada. 2009. Categorization of antimicrobial drugs based on importance in human medicine. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/drugs-health-products\/veterinary-drugs\/antimicrobial-resistance\/categorization-antimicrobial-drugs-based-importance-human-medicine.html. Accessed 17 April 2019."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis1043"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1601.090729"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","unstructured":"Gouverment du Canada. 2016. Programme Int\u00e9gr\u00e9 Canadien de Surveillance de la R\u00e9sistance aux Antimicrobiens (PICRA). https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/fr\/sante-publique\/services\/publications\/medicaments-et-produits-sante\/programme-integre-canadien-surveillance-resistance-antimicrobiens-bulletin.html?%02undefined&wbdisable%02true. Accessed 13 November 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2017.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"Chicken Farmers of Canada. 2018. The antimicrobial use reduction strategy. https:\/\/www.chickenfarmers.ca\/the-antimicrobial-use-reduction-strategy\/. Accessed 1 August 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1849-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0214304"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","volume-title":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS), 2016 annual report","author":"CIPARS","year":"2016","unstructured":"CIPARS. 2016. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS), 2016 annual report. Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr507"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2014.1742"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-018-0200-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1306"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0150"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10092-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a4328"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","unstructured":"Janzen D Davies M Greydanus J Clarke P Evans C Weiss R. 2013. Preventive use of category I antibiotics in the poultry and egg sectors. http:\/\/bcchicken.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/Antibiotic-FAQ-2013.pdf. Accessed March 2018."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","first-page":"1289","article-title":"Review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in Canada","volume":"53","author":"Agunos A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Agunos A, Leger D, Carson C. 2012. Review of antimicrobial therapy of selected bacterial diseases in broiler chickens in Canada. Can Vet J 53:1289\u20131300.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2010.0036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2013.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01262-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks046"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","first-page":"128","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2015. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals, CLSI supplement VET01S, p 128. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","volume-title":"Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, 2015 annual report","author":"CIPARS","year":"2015","unstructured":"CIPARS. 2015. Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance, 2015 annual report. Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","first-page":"240","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 25th informational supplement","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2015. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 25th informational supplement, M100-S25, p 240. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, Wayne, PA."}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00037-19","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00037-19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T13:52:15Z","timestamp":1645624335000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.00037-19"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Elkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.00037-19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00037-19","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/521120","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-04-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00037-19"}}