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However, the expression regulation mechanism of glycerol dehydratase gene\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              remains poorly unknown. In this study, a histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) protein was identified and characterized as the positive transcription regulator for\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              expression in\n              <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              2e, which exhibited high tolerance against crude glycerol in our previous study. Deletion of\n              <jats:italic>hns<\/jats:italic>\n              gene significantly decreased the transcription level of\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              in\n              <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              2e, which led to a remarkable defect on strain growth, glycerol dehydratase activity, and 3-hydroxypropanal production during glycerol fermentation. The transcription level of\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              was significantly up-regulated in crude glycerol relative to pure glycerol, while the inactivation of H-NS resulted in more negative effect for transcription level of\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              in the former. Though the H-NS expression level was almost comparable in both substrates, its multimer state was reduced in crude glycerol relative to pure glycerol, suggesting that the oligomerization state of H-NS might have contributed for positive regulation of\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              expression. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I footprinting assays showed that H-NS could directly bind to the upstream promoter region of\n              <jats:italic>dhaB<\/jats:italic>\n              by recognizing the AT-rich region. These findings provided new insight into the transcriptional regulation mechanism of H-NS for glycerol dehydratase expression in\n              <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n              , which might offer new target for engineering bacteria to industrially produce 1,3-propanediol.\n            <\/jats:p>\n            <jats:sec>\n              <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:p>\n                The biological production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by microbial fermentation shows great promising prospect on industrial application. Glycerol dehydratase catalyzes the penultimate step in glycerol metabolism and is regarded as one of the key and rate-limiting enzymes for 1,3-propanediol production. H-NS was reported as a pleiotropic modulator with negative effects on gene expression in most studies. Here, we reported for the first time that the expression of glycerol dehydratase gene is positively regulated by the H-NS. The results provide insight into a novel molecular mechanism of H-NS for positive regulation of glycerol dehydratase gene expression in\n                <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                , which holds promising potential for facilitating construction of engineering highly efficient 1,3-propanediol-producing strains.\n              <\/jats:p>\n            <\/jats:sec>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00075-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,12]],"date-time":"2024-07-12T13:00:32Z","timestamp":1720789232000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["H-NS involved in positive regulation of glycerol dehydratase gene expression in\n            <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n            2e"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation Base of 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