{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:17:21Z","timestamp":1778717841972,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,1]],"date-time":"2016-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Use of antimicrobials in industrial food animal production is associated with the presence of multidrug-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            among animals and humans. The livestock-associated (LA) methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (MRSA) clonal complex 9 (CC9) is associated with animals and related workers in Asia. This study aimed to explore the genotypic and phenotypic markers of LA-MRSA CC9 in humans. We conducted a cross-sectional study of livestock workers and controls in Guangdong, China. The study participants responded to a questionnaire and provided a nasal swab for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            analysis. The resulting isolates were assessed for antibiotic susceptibility, multilocus sequence type, and immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes. Livestock workers had significantly higher rates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            CC9 (odds ratio [OR] = 30.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.06 to 236.39) and tetracycline-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (OR = 3.26; 95% CI, 2.12 to 5.00) carriage than controls. All 19\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            CC9 isolates from livestock workers were MRSA isolates and also exhibited the characteristics of resistance to several classes of antibiotics and absence of the IEC genes. Notably, the interaction analyses indicated phenotype-phenotype (OR = 525.7; 95% CI, 60.0 to 4,602.1) and gene-environment (OR = 232.3; 95% CI, 28.7 to 1,876.7) interactions associated with increased risk for livestock-associated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            CC9 carriage. These findings suggest that livestock-associated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and MRSA (CC9, IEC negative, and tetracycline resistant) in humans are associated with occupational livestock contact, raising questions about the potential for occupational exposure to opportunistic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            This study adds to existing knowledge by giving insight into the genotypic and phenotypic markers of LA-MRSA. Our findings suggest that livestock-associated\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and MRSA (CC9, IEC negative, and tetracycline resistant) in humans are associated with occupational livestock contact. Future studies should direct more attention to exploring the exact transmission routes and establishing measures to prevent the spread of LA-MRSA.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00091-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,23]],"date-time":"2016-04-23T03:54:01Z","timestamp":1461383641000},"page":"3892-3899","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Genotypic and Phenotypic Markers of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC9 in Humans"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shunming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingya","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenjiang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sidong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61999-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00081-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0072"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4142\/jvs.2014.15.4.529"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1811.111850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.14814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp275"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.11.4947-4955.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","volume-title":"CLSI document M100-S23","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2013. 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