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It has also attracted much attention for potential uses as a bioweapon or bioterrorism agent, against which new vaccines are desperately needed. However, many\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            genes remain uncharacterized, greatly hampering the development of measures for plague prevention and control. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat interference (CRISPRi) has been successfully used in a variety of bacteria in functional genomic studies, but no such genetic tool has been reported in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Here, we systematically optimized the CRISPRi approach for use in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , which ultimately repressed target gene expression with high efficiency in a reversible manner. Knockdown of functional genes using this method produced phenotypes that were readily detected by\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            assays, cell infection assays, and mouse infection experiments. This is a report of a CRISPRi approach in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Y. pestis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and highlights the potential use of this approach in high-throughput functional genomics studies of this pathogen.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00097-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,9]],"date-time":"2019-04-09T10:41:01Z","timestamp":1554806461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Reversible Gene Expression Control in Yersinia pestis by Using an Optimized CRISPR Interference System"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Tong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingwen","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province 2017-ZJ-Y15, Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province 2017-ZJ-Y15, Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhizhen","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Plague Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province 2017-ZJ-Y15, Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control of Qinghai Province, Xining, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yafang","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6628-2747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yajun","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruifu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zongmin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.1.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"The evolution of flea-borne transmission in Yersinia pestis","volume":"7","author":"Hinnebusch BJ","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hinnebusch BJ. 2005. 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