{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:55:30Z","timestamp":1780469730674,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,1]],"date-time":"2017-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1496275200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"NARO"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>causes swine erysipelas, an important infectious disease in the swine industry. In Japan, the incidence of acute swine erysipelas due to<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>serovar 1a has recently increased markedly. To study the genetic relatedness of the strains from the recent cases, we analyzed 34<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>serovar 1a swine isolates collected between 1990 and 2011 and further investigated the possible association of the live Koganei 65-0.15 vaccine strain (serovar 1a) with the increase in cases. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed no marked variation among the isolates; however, sequencing analysis of a hypervariable region in the surface-protective antigen A gene (<jats:italic>spaA<\/jats:italic>) revealed that the strains isolated after 2007 exhibited the same<jats:italic>spaA<\/jats:italic>genotype and could be differentiated from older strains. Phylogenetic analysis based on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that the Japanese strains examined were closely related, showing a relatively small number of SNPs among them. The strains were classified into four major lineages, with Koganei 65-0.15 (lineage III) being phylogenetically separated from the other three lineages. The strains isolated after 2007 and the two older strains constituted one major lineage (lineage IV) with a specific<jats:italic>spaA<\/jats:italic>genotype (M203\/I257-SpaA), while the recent isolates were further divided into two geographic groups. The remaining older isolates belonged to either lineage I, with the I203\/L257-SpaA type, or lineage II, with the I203\/I257-SpaA type. These results indicate that the recent increased incidence of acute swine erysipelas in Japan is associated with two sublineages of lineage IV, which have independently evolved in two different geographic regions.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>Using large-scale whole-genome sequence data from<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>isolates from a wide range of hosts and geographic origins, a recent study clarified the existence of three distinct clades (clades 1, 2, and 3) that are found across multiple continents and host species, representing both livestock and wildlife, and an \u201cintermediate\u201d clade between clade 2 and the dominant clade 3 within the species. In this study, we found that the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>Japanese strains examined exhibited remarkably low levels of genetic diversity and confirmed that all of the Japanese and Chinese swine isolates examined in this study belong to clonal lineages within the intermediate clade. We report that<jats:italic>spaA<\/jats:italic>genotyping of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>strains is a practical alternative to whole-genome sequencing analysis of the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. rhusiopathiae<\/jats:named-content>isolates from eastern Asian countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00130-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,18]],"date-time":"2017-03-18T03:01:17Z","timestamp":1489806077000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Clonal Lineages of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Responsible for Acute Swine Erysipelas in Japan Identified by Using Genome-Wide Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Yohsuke","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Shiraiwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshitoshi","family":"Ogura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadasuke","family":"Ooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Eguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Shimoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"629","volume-title":"Diseases of swine","author":"Wood RL","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wood RL HendersonLM. 2006. 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