{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T11:14:08Z","timestamp":1788261248236,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,1]],"date-time":"2012-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1335830400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The species\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia microti<\/jats:named-content>\n            , commonly found in rodents, demonstrates a high degree of genetic diversity. Three lineages, U.S., Kobe, and Hobetsu, are known to have zoonotic potential, but their tick vector(s) in Japan remains to be elucidated. We conducted a field investigation at Nemuro on Hokkaido Island and at Sumoto on Awaji Island, where up to two of the three lineages occur with similar frequencies in reservoirs. By flagging vegetation at these spots and surrounding areas, 4,010 ticks, comprising six species, were collected. A nested PCR that detects the 18S rRNA gene of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Babesia<\/jats:named-content>\n            species revealed that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes ovatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            alone were positive. Lineage-specific PCR for rRNA-positive samples demonstrated that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ovatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            carried, respectively, the Hobetsu and U.S. parasites. No Kobe-specific DNA was detected. Infected\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ovatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks were found at multiple sites, including Nemuro and Sumoto, with minimum infection rates (MIR) of \u223c12.3%. However, all\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks collected within the same regions, a total of 535, were negative for the Hobetsu lineage, indicating that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ovatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , but not\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , was the vector for the lineage. At Nemuro, U.S. lineage was detected in 2 of 139 adult\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks (MIR, 1.4%), for the first time, while 48 of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ovatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            ticks were negative for that lineage. Laboratory experiments confirmed the transmission of Hobetsu and U.S. parasites to hamsters via\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. ovatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , respectively. Differences in vector capacity shown by MIRs at Nemuro, where the two species were equally likely to acquire either lineage of parasite, may explain the difference in distribution of Hobetsu throughout Japan and U.S. taxa in Nemuro. These findings are of importance in the assessment of the regional risk for babesiosis in humans.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00142-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,5]],"date-time":"2012-03-05T17:08:05Z","timestamp":1330967285000},"page":"3424-3430","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Detection of Two Zoonotic Babesia microti Lineages, the Hobetsu and U.S. Lineages, in Two Sympatric Tick Species, Ixodes ovatus and Ixodes persulcatus, Respectively, in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Aya","family":"Zamoto-Niikura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan"},{"name":"Division of Experimental Animal Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayoshi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan"},{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Panjiayuan, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Nakao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical College, Nishikagura, Asahikawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruyuki","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiaki","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno-Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.65.335"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0260","article-title":"Molecular survey of Babesia microti in wild rodents in central Croatia","volume":"11","author":"Beck R","year":"2011","unstructured":"BeckR . 2011. Molecular survey of Babesia microti in wild rodents in central Croatia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 11:81\u201383.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"363","volume-title":"Tick-borne diseases of humans","author":"Brown RN","year":"2005","unstructured":"BrownRN LaneRS DennisDT. 2005. Geographic distributions of tick-borne diseases and their vectors, p 363\u2013391. In GoodmanJL DennisDT SonenshineDE (ed), Tick-borne diseases of humans. ASM Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182002002743","article-title":"The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia","volume":"126","author":"Duh D","year":"2003","unstructured":"DuhD PetrovecM TrilarT Avsic-ZupancT. 2003. The molecular evidence of Babesia microti infection in small mammals collected in Slovenia. 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