{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:26:15Z","timestamp":1790515575681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]],"date-time":"2013-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371254400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bacillus cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , aseptically isolated from potato tubers, were screened for cereulide production and for toxicity on human and other mammalian cells. The cereulide-producing isolates grew slowly, the colonies remained small (\u223c1 mm), tested negative for starch hydrolysis, and varied in productivity from 1 to 100 ng of cereulide mg (wet weight)\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            (\u223c0.01 to 1 ng per 10\n            <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n            CFU). By DNA-fingerprint analysis, the isolates matched\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. cereus<\/jats:named-content>\n            F5881\/94, connected to human food-borne illness, but were distinct from cereulide-producing endophytes of spruce tree (\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Picea abies<\/jats:named-content>\n            ). Exposure to cell extracts (1 to 10 \u03bcg of bacterial biomass ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) and to purified cereulide (0.4 to 7 ng ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) from the potato isolates caused mitochondrial depolarization (loss of \u0394\u03a8m) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and keratinocytes (HaCaT), porcine spermatozoa and kidney tubular epithelial cells (PK-15), murine fibroblasts (L-929), and pancreatic insulin-producing cells (MIN-6). Cereulide (10 to 20 ng ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            ) exposed pancreatic islets (MIN-6) disintegrated into small pyknotic cells, followed by necrotic death. Necrotic death in other test cells was observed only after a 2-log-higher exposure. Exposure to 30 to 60 ng of cereulide ml\n            <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n            induced K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            translocation in intact, live PBMC, keratinocytes, and sperm cells within seconds of exposure, depleting 2 to 10% of the cellular K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            stores within 10 min. The ability of cereulide to transfer K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            ions across biological membranes may benefit the producer bacterium in K\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            -deficient environments such as extracellular spaces inside plant tissue but is a pathogenic trait when in contact with mammalian cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00201-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,23]],"date-time":"2013-03-23T02:19:07Z","timestamp":1364005147000},"page":"3534-3543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Potato Crop as a Source of Emetic Bacillus cereus and Cereulide-Induced Mammalian Cell Toxicity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Douwe","family":"Hoornstra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Sciences (Microbiology), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria A.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Sciences (Microbiology), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera V.","family":"Teplova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Sciences (Microbiology), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raimo","family":"Mikkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Sciences (Microbiology), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liisa M.","family":"Uotila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif C.","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Haartman Institute (Pathology), Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merja","family":"Roivainen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health and Welfare, Laboratory for Virology, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl G.","family":"Gahmberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirja S.","family":"Salkinoja-Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Environmental Sciences (Microbiology), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"A novel dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide, is an emetic toxin of Bacillus cereus","volume":"129","author":"Agata N","year":"1995","unstructured":"AgataNOhtaMMoriMIsobeM. 1995. 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