{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:59:44Z","timestamp":1790171984996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32372623"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32372623"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFD1200203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFD1200203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences","award":["CAAS-CSCB-202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-CSCB-202402"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0313jb750","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Cell differentiation is essential for the survival and adaptation of organisms. In\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, sporulation is a tightly coordinated program that culminates in mother cell lysis, a critical step for spore release. Despite its importance, the mechanisms modulating the process remain poorly understood. Here, we show that MclX regulates mother cell lysis by inhibiting SpoIIID, a sporulation-specific transcription factor that represses\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cwlC<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which encodes a key hydrolase required for lysis. SpoIIID directly binds to the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cwlC<\/jats:italic>\n                      promoter, and its overexpression during sporulation markedly delays both the onset and progression of mother cell lysis. These findings support a model in which MclX modulates SpoIIID to control\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cwlC<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression and lysis process. Collectively, this work defines a previously unrecognized MclX\u2013SpoIIID\u2013\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cwlC<\/jats:italic>\n                      regulatory axis, providing new insight into the control of late sporulation events and the process of mother cell lysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mother cell lysis is a critical step in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      sporulation, yet its regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we identify\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mclX<\/jats:italic>\n                      as an upstream factor that modulates the onset and progression of mother cell lysis in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bacillus thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . MclX reduces SpoIIID levels, which in turn directly represses\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">cwlC<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression. These findings provide new insight into the regulatory network governing lysis process and advance our understanding of bacterial cell differentiation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00215-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T13:01:20Z","timestamp":1786453280000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MclX modulates the process of mother cell lysis by SpoIIID in\n                    <i>Bacillus thuringiensis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4078-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanrong","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0313jb750","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant 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