{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T02:40:36Z","timestamp":1794278436803,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The European Directive 2020\/2184 concerning the quality of water for human consumption now includes\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      among the pathogens for assessment in domestic water systems. It states that \u201cfor risk-based verification and to complement spread-plate culture methods, rapid culture methods, non-culture-based methods, and molecular-based methods may be used.\u201d In this study, 33 laboratories across Italy analyzed a number of unique water samples ranging from 10 to 30 for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      . All laboratories used the standard spread-plate culture method, 31 laboratories also performed the Legiolert rapid liquid culture method (IDEXX Laboratories), and 27 out of 33 performed the DI-Check\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:italic>\n                      real-time PCR method (Diatheva). In all, 23 laboratories executed all three methods. Data generated from 817 samples were collected and statistically analyzed. The Legiolert method allowed analysis with a smaller sample volume (100 mL and 10 mL), compared to the standard culture method with which it was shown to be comparable with K agreement values of 0.785 and 0.840 in the two mentioned volumes, respectively. The standard real-time PCR method was more sensitive (93%) than the spread-plate culture method. Sensitivity values of 95.2% and 98.8% were also obtained by comparing two new real-time PCR procedures with the spread-plate culture method, tested to shorten the analysis, and the standard culture method. Finally, data obtained from the analysis of drinking water samples with the spread-plate culture method using both Buffered charcoal yeast extract and non-selective glycine vancomycin polymyxin cycloheximide media showed the greater capacity of the latter in the recovery of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                        is a waterborne fastidious pathogen that occasionally infects humans and can cause a severe form of pneumonia, called Legionnaires\u2019 disease (LD), which, if not identified in a timely manner, can progress to multiorgan failure. The trend for LD cases is steadily rising, and prevention and control of water system contamination is the only way to stop or prevent the spread of further cases. In Italy, since 2005, a network of regional reference laboratories for\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                        prevention has made an important contribution to\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                        surveillance. According to the European Directive 2020\/2184, techniques already known can be used for\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Legionella<\/jats:italic>\n                        detection in addition to the standard culture method. To ensure the reliability of the results and guarantee the correct risk evaluation, a comparison between the standard culture method and real-time PCR and the Legiolert rapid liquid culture method was required.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00236-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T09:00:26Z","timestamp":1748509226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Interlaboratory comparison of culture- and PCR-based methods for\n                    <i>Legionella pneumophila<\/i>\n                    detection in drinking water samples"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5614-8678","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria","family":"Scaturro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hssy432","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"ESCMID Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI)","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonietta","family":"Girolamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hssy432","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonino","family":"Bella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hssy432","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Rota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hssy432","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Marella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hssy432","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rossana","family":"Amari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Reggio Emilia","place":["Reggio Emilia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Ingrassia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Reggio Emilia","place":["Reggio Emilia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daria","family":"Barberis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica ATS","place":["Brescia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Romano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica ATS","place":["Brescia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Borney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Valle d\u2019Aosta, Laboratorio di Microbiologia","place":["Saint-Christophe, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florida","family":"Damasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Valle d\u2019Aosta, Laboratorio di Microbiologia","place":["Saint-Christophe, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Buratto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPAV - Dipartimento Regionale Laboratori Servizio Analisi Biologiche Laboratorio EST","place":["Venezia Mestre, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Fortin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPAV - Dipartimento Regionale Laboratori Servizio Analisi Biologiche Laboratorio EST","place":["Venezia Mestre, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaetano","family":"Caricato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Basilicata, Laboratorio di Microbiologia","place":["Matera, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"La Vecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Basilicata, Laboratorio di Microbiologia","place":["Matera, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filomena","family":"Casaburi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Calabria, Laboratorio Bionaturalistico","place":["Catanzaro, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melania","family":"Dragone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Calabria, Laboratorio Bionaturalistico","place":["Catanzaro, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Piemonte","place":["Novara, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanna","family":"Tozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Umbria, Sez. Biomonitoraggio Acque \u2013 Ecotossicologia","place":["Perugia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Umbria, Sez. Biomonitoraggio Acque \u2013 Ecotossicologia","place":["Perugia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Anna","family":"Coniglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate \"G.F. Ingrassia\", Universit\u00e0 di Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Agodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Tecnologie Avanzate \"G.F. Ingrassia\", Universit\u00e0 di Catania","place":["Catania, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Coroneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003109y17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio Regionale di Riferimento per la Diagnosi ambientale di Legionella. Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Cagliari","place":["Cagliari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/003109y17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio Regionale di Riferimento per la Diagnosi ambientale di Legionella. Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Cagliari","place":["Cagliari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Cristina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCMID Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI)","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0107c5v14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universit\u00e0 di Genova","place":["Genova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Spagnolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0107c5v14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Universit\u00e0 di Genova","place":["Genova, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5084-2615","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandra","family":"Cristino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCMID Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI)","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01111rn36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BIGEA) Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Spiteri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01111rn36","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali (BIGEA) Alma Mater Studiorum - Universit\u00e0 di Bologna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"De Lellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HERAtech s.r.l. -- Laboratori settore biologico","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"De Mirto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sterimed, S.r.l.","place":["Milano, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direzione Ricerca e Sviluppo, Centro Ricerche Gruppo CAP","place":["Segrate, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Giovanna","family":"Guiso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direzione Ricerca e Sviluppo, Centro Ricerche Gruppo CAP","place":["Segrate, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Foti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Prevenzione ASL","place":["Milano, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Graziano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Prevenzione ASL","place":["Milano, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marinella","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA FVG - SOC Laboratorio SOS, Laboratorio Alimenti e Microbiologia","place":["Udine, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Felice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA FVG - SOC Laboratorio SOS, Laboratorio Alimenti e Microbiologia","place":["Udine, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Giammanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044k9ta02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio di Riferimento Regionale per la Sorveglianza ed il Controllo della Legionellosi. Dept. ProMiSe\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Fasciana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/044k9ta02","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio di Riferimento Regionale per la Sorveglianza ed il Controllo della Legionellosi. Dept. ProMiSe\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Palermo","place":["Palermo, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisa","family":"Grucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Marche","place":["Pesaro, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Ballarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPA Marche","place":["Pesaro, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizia","family":"Helfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di riferimento Regionale per la sorveglianza ambientale Legionellosi","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Corradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di riferimento Regionale per la sorveglianza ambientale Legionellosi","place":["Trento, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasqualina","family":"Lagan\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ctdxz19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio Regionale di Riferimento per la Sorveglianza Clinica e Ambientale della Legionellosi. AOU \"G. Martino\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Facciol\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ctdxz19","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Laboratorio Regionale di Riferimento per la Sorveglianza Clinica e Ambientale della Legionellosi. AOU \"G. Martino\", Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Messina","place":["Messina, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Mansi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Medicina Epidemiologia, Igiene del Lavoro e Ambientale, INAIL","place":["Monte Porzio Catone, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Marcelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Medicina Epidemiologia, Igiene del Lavoro e Ambientale, INAIL","place":["Monte Porzio Catone, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella","family":"Marchesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCMID Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI)","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Sezione di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica","place":["Modena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annalisi","family":"Bargellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESCMID Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI)","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]},{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Sezione di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica","place":["Modena, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianna","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y17a925","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Servizio Ambiente e Salute, Dipartimento Prevenzione e Laboratori integrato, ARPA Lazio","place":["Roma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabina","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y17a925","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Servizio Ambiente e Salute, Dipartimento Prevenzione e Laboratori integrato, ARPA Lazio","place":["Roma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Miana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c2erx11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VERITAS Spa Laboratorio","place":["Venezia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Della Sala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04c2erx11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"VERITAS Spa Laboratorio","place":["Venezia, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvalda","family":"De Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Montagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giusy","family":"Diella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento Interdisciplinare di Medicina, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Bari \u201cAldo Moro\u201d","place":["Bari, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Moschin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Analisi Acquevenete SpA","place":["Monselice, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Lugarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Analisi Acquevenete SpA","place":["Monselice, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ottaviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACEA ELABORI","place":["Roma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Caprini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ACEA ELABORI","place":["Roma, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Maria","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Analitica, Laboratorio di riferimento Regionale per la sorveglianza ambientale della legionellosi, Dipartimento di Salerno, Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente","place":["Salerno, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariangela","family":"Pagano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Area Analitica, Laboratorio di riferimento Regionale per la sorveglianza ambientale della legionellosi, Dipartimento di Salerno, Agenzia Regionale Protezione Ambiente","place":["Salerno, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Talini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica USL TC Centro di Riferimento della Regione Toscana per le Legionellosi","place":["Firenze, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donella","family":"Gestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica USL TC Centro di Riferimento della Regione Toscana per le Legionellosi","place":["Firenze, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovannella","family":"Vespa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTA Abruzzo, Centro di Riferimento Regionale Legionella Distretto Provinciale","place":["L'Aquila, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARTA Abruzzo, Centro di Riferimento Regionale Legionella Distretto Provinciale","place":["L'Aquila, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariagabriella","family":"Viggiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPAE Bologna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Livi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARPAE Bologna","place":["Bologna, Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Luisa","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02hssy432","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Rome, Italy"]},{"name":"ESCMID Study Group for Legionella Infections (ESGLI)","place":["Basel, Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Annual epidemiological report for 2021","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)","year":"2023","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). 2023. Legionnaires\u2019 disease. In Annual epidemiological report for 2021. ECDC, Stockholm."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss7301a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Europe. 2017. Drinking water parameter cooperation project - support to the revision of annex I council directive 98\/83\/EC on the quality of water intended for human consumption (drinking water directive): recommendations. Bonn: WHO Regional Office for Europe. Available from: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/environment\/water\/water"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","unstructured":"Directive (EU) 2020\/2184 of the European Parliament on the quality of water intended for human consumption. 2020. Official Journal of the European Union L 435 23 December 2020 pp. 1-62. Available from: https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/dir\/2020\/2184\/oj?eliuri=eli%3Adir%3A2020%3A2184%3Aoj&locale=en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53225\/BEN_094"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","unstructured":"ISO 11731:2017 water quality: enumeration of Legionella."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2011.04957.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","volume-title":"Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis","author":"Bartram J","year":"2007","unstructured":"BartramJ, Chartier Y, Lee JV, PondK, Surman-LeeS. 2007 Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis. World Health Organization, Geneva."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Legionella","author":"Lee JV","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee JV, Surman SB, Hall M, Cuthbert L, et al.. 2002. Development of an international EQA scheme for the isolation of Legionella spp. from environmental specimens, p 271\u2013274. In Marre R, Abu Kwaik Y, Bartlett C (ed), Legionella. ASM Press, Washington DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2021.051"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090690"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2018.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-021-02436-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2166\/wh.2020.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13932"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.13461"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO\/TS 12869: 2019 Water quality- Detection and quantification of Legionella spp and \/or Legionella pneumophila by concentration and genic amplification by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcp.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2014. Requirements for the comparison of the relative recovery of microorganisms by two quantitative methods. ISO 17994. Geneva Switzerland ISO"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.12719"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2010.02947.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","unstructured":"Ministero della Salute. 2015. Linee guida per la prevenzione ed il controllo della legionellosi. Available from: https:\/\/www.salute.gov.it\/imgs\/C_17_pubblicazioni_2362_allegato.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115593"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9090757"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0218687"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/030.62.2015.4.11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030577"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102269"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.035857-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.08.19496-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","unstructured":"Decreto Legislativo 23. febbraio 2023 n. 18. Available from: https:\/\/www.gazzettaufficiale.it\/eli\/id\/2023\/03\/06\/23G00025\/sg"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","unstructured":"American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) International: D8429-21 standard test method for Legionella pneumophila in water samples using legiolert. 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.astm.org\/d8429-21.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","unstructured":"Diatheva. 2020. Validation study of DI-Check Legionella pneumophila for the detection and quantification of Legionella pneumophila in all types of water. Summary report. Available from: https:\/\/nf-validation.afnor.org\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2020\/02\/Synth-DTV-41-01-12-19.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2012.031"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.00236-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.00236-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T09:01:09Z","timestamp":1750237269000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aem.00236-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Glass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aem.00236-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00236-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00236-25"}}