{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T10:53:37Z","timestamp":1790506417544,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1430438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Fifty-nine monophasic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            serovar Typhimurium isolates, collected in Belgium during the period from 2008 to 2011, have been serotyped as 4,[5]:i:\u2212 and shown to harbor an\n            <jats:italic>fljB<\/jats:italic>\n            coding sequence. The genetic differences between these strains and phenotypically biphasic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            Typhimurium were analyzed through PCR and DNA sequencing. Genetic alterations in the\n            <jats:italic>fljB<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter region affecting expression of the phase 2 flagellin were observed in 53 isolates. Other genetic events in the invertible region carrying the\n            <jats:italic>fljB<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter were observed in 2 isolates. For the remaining 4 isolates, no molecular differences with a reference biphasic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            Typhimurium strain could be observed. Next-generation sequencing of one representative isolate affected in the\n            <jats:italic>fljB<\/jats:italic>\n            promoter region revealed a 26-kb IS\n            <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n            composite transposon insertion along with a local genomic rearrangement. Several other IS\n            <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n            element-mediated alterations of this genomic region were observed. This group of monophasic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            Typhimurium isolates was genetically heterogeneous, as revealed by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), PCR, and sequencing. Pigs and pork represented a major source of such monophasic isolates in Belgium, as reported in other countries. Three out of 5 isolates of human origin presented genetic profiles identical to those of food isolates, demonstrating the pathogenic potential of the newly characterized variants and potential dissemination along the food chain. This study highlighted the key role played by IS\n            <jats:italic>26<\/jats:italic>\n            insertions in the loss of phase 2 flagellin expression and the subsequent generation of multiple monophasic variant lineages from biphasic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            Typhimurium ancestors.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00270-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,28]],"date-time":"2015-02-28T04:09:48Z","timestamp":1425096588000},"page":"3169-3175","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Extensive Genetic Variability Linked to IS\n            <i>26<\/i>\n            Insertions in the\n            <i>fljB<\/i>\n            Promoter Region of Atypical Monophasic Variants of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Boland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary &amp; Agrochemical Research Centre, Foodborne Bacterial Zoonoses &amp; Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bertrand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wesley","family":"Mattheus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Centre for Salmonella and Shigella, Bacterial Diseases Division, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katelijne","family":"Dierick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Service Food-borne Pathogens, Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Jasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary &amp; Agrochemical Research Centre, Foodborne Bacterial Zoonoses &amp; Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toon","family":"Rosseel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary &amp; Agrochemical Research Centre, Molecular Platform Unit, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Van Borm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary &amp; Agrochemical Research Centre, Molecular Platform Unit, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Mahillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Earth and Life Institute, Universit\u00e9 catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Wattiau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary &amp; Agrochemical Research Centre, Foodborne Bacterial Zoonoses &amp; Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"Antigenic formulae of the Salmonella serovars","author":"Grimont PAD","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimont PAD, Weill FX. 2007. 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