{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:59:39Z","timestamp":1787237979972,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101136346 (EUPAHW,SOA11)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101136346 (EUPAHW,SOA11)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005192","name":"Technical University of Denmark","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["102184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["102184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005192","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009911","name":"Henrik Henriksens Fond","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-05-24-153856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-05-24-153856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009911","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Fish and Crustacean Diseases of Denmark"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Renibacterium salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      is the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD) and has been isolated from northern European salmonid farms since the 1960s. The bacterium has been detected only sporadically in Norway during the last few decades, but the country has experienced several geographically spread outbreaks since December 2022. The phylogenomic relationships of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates associated with the epizootics ongoing on the West Coast and in Mid-Norway were explored using draft genomes generated by whole-genome sequencing. A broad overview of the phylogeography of this pathogen was gained through sequencing and analysis of a collection of isolates from Norway (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 67), Iceland (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12), Denmark (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 12), and the Faroe Islands (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 1), along with a collection of 109 publicly available sequences. We identified two distinct contemporary clades of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      causing BKD in Norway in the period 2022\u20132024. Both clades belong to the expanding, aquaculture-associated Lineage 1. The epidemiological picture appears consistent with contemporary aquaculture operations, raising questions on the effectiveness or practice of current biosecurity practices toward\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This work also describes a hitherto undescribed lineage (Lineage 3), predominantly from Iceland, where BKD is considered endemic. The detection of endemic reservoirs of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      in European water systems underscores the potential for ongoing pathogen circulation independent of acute outbreaks. This finding emphasizes the importance of further investigation of the mechanisms of pathogen persistence, particularly within environments related to aquaculture, where chronic infection reservoirs could compromise disease management and biosecurity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Renibacterium salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                        , the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), is a salmonid pathogen that often presents as subclinical, chronic infections, complicating detection and control. Effective management of BKD is crucial for sustainable aquaculture and wild fish conservation. Recognizing the need for comprehensive sampling, previous studies have underscored the importance of a global isolate collection to better understand the pathogen\u2019s epidemiology. While the slow genetic evolution and highly conserved genome of the bacterium have reduced the resolution of conventional typing methods in the past, applying whole-genome sequencing has enabled its molecular tracing at the outbreak level. Here, we present the largest phylogenomic analysis of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. salmoninarum<\/jats:italic>\n                        to date, including sequences from Denmark, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands for the first time. This expanded data set elucidates past and present movements of the pathogen in European waters, providing actionable insights to support development of targeted BKD management and biosecurity strategies.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00347-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T14:48:47Z","timestamp":1779374927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Whole-genome sequencing reveals a novel\n                    <i>Renibacterium salmoninarum<\/i>\n                    lineage and suggests geographic endemism combined with anthropogenic spread in the North-East Atlantic Area"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4192-1469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alejandra","family":"Villamil-Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qtj9h94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark","place":["Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8058-5883","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Torfinn","family":"Moldal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6834-0460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cathrine Arnason","family":"B\u00f8e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3962-8036","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Birkir Thor","family":"Bragason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01db6h964","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute for Experimental Pathology at Keldur, University of Iceland","place":["Reykjav\u00edk, Iceland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9399-7249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanne","family":"Nilsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9440-5874","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anne Berit","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8507-3246","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"\u00c5se Helen","family":"Garseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7135-9227","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Snorre","family":"Gulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-7887","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Niccol\u00f2","family":"Vendramin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qtj9h94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark","place":["Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8435-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lone","family":"Madsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qtj9h94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark","place":["Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8596-1086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Argelia","family":"Cuenca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04qtj9h94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark","place":["Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-9032","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karin","family":"Lagesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","place":["\u00c5s, Norway"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2024. The state of world fisheries and aquaculture 2024. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy. Available from: https:\/\/openknowledge.fao.org\/handle\/20.500.14283\/cd0683en"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03308-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.35.100181.001421"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(91)90527-h"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2023.8326"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao025063"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8030(93)90030-F"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1984.tb00921.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao012025"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13745"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1986.tb01013.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12234"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2005.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Norsk Veterin\u00e6rhistorisk Selskap \u00c5rbok 2023","author":"Binde M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Binde M. 2023. Nytten av regelverk ved kontroll av BKD, p 40\u201345. In Norsk Veterin\u00e6rhistorisk Selskap \u00c5rbok 2023"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1095-8649.1998.tb00984.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_2","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Third International Conference","author":"H\u00e5stein T","year":"1987","unstructured":"H\u00e5stein T, Dale OB. 1987. Registrations of bacterial kidney disease in Norway 1980\u201387. Proceedings of the Third International Conference. , p 8, Bergen, Norway"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_2","first-page":"140","article-title":"First demonstration of Renibacterium salmoninarum\/BKD in Denmark","volume":"17","author":"Lorenzen E","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lorenzen E, Olesen NJ, Korsholm H, Heuer OE, Evensen \u00d8. 1997. First demonstration of Renibacterium salmoninarum\/BKD in Denmark. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 17:140\u2013144.","journal-title":"Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2007.00868.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.12401"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao071179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_2","unstructured":"Bruno DW. 2015. Bacterial kidney disease. ICES. Identification Leaflets for Diseases and Parasites of Fish and Shellfish. Vol. 21."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_2","unstructured":"Norwegian Scientific Advisory Committee for Atlantic Salmon. 2024. Status of wild Atlantic salmon in Norway 2024 (English summary). Norwegian Environment Agency"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/csp2.552"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_2","volume-title":"Regulations relating to animal health (Animal Health Regulations) Chapter II. Supplementary national provisions for aquatic animals \u2013 listing and notification obligation","author":"Lovdata","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lovdata. 2022. Regulations relating to animal health (Animal Health Regulations) Chapter II. Supplementary national provisions for aquatic animals \u2013 listing and notification obligation. Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Oslo, Norway."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_2","volume-title":"Regulations relating to production areas for aquaculture of edible fish in the sea of salmon, trout and rainbow trout (Production Area Regulations)","author":"Lovdata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lovdata. 2017. Regulations relating to production areas for aquaculture of edible fish in the sea of salmon, trout and rainbow trout (Production Area Regulations). Norwegian Food Safety Authority, Oslo, Norway."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_2","volume-title":"The surveillance and control programme for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Norway","author":"Dale O","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dale O, H\u00e5stein T, Reitan L, Faller R, Endal T, Heum M, Steinum. 2008. The surveillance and control programme for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) in Norway. Oslo, Norway."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_2","volume-title":"Villfiskrapporten 2024. Veterin\u00e6rinstituttets rapportserie 10\/2025","author":"Garseth \u00c5","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garseth \u00c5, Furnesvik L, Hansen H, Haukland H, Kielland \u00d8, Strand D. 2025. Villfiskrapporten 2024. Veterin\u00e6rinstituttets rapportserie 10\/2025. Utgitt av Veterin\u00e6rinstituttet 2025."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_2","unstructured":"Moldal T Wiik-Nielsen J Oliveira V Svendsen J Sommerset I. 2025. Norwegian Fish Health Report 2024. Norwegian Veterinary Institute"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_2","volume-title":"Key figures from Norwegian aquaculture industry 2023","author":"Fauske M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fauske M. 2024. Key figures from Norwegian aquaculture industry 2023. Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, Bergen, Norway."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_2","volume-title":"Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Academic Press, 2022","author":"Kristmundsson A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kristmundsson A. 2022. Chapter 25 - Bacterial kidney disease. In Kibenge FSB, Baldisserotto B, Sie-Maen Chong R (ed), Aquaculture Pathophysiology, Academic Press, 2022. Google SearchAquaculture Pathophysiology."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(99)00375-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_2","volume-title":"Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021\/260 of 11 February 2021 approving national measures designed to limit the impact of certain diseases of aquatic animals in accordance with Article 226(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016\/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Decision 2010\/221\/EU","author":"European Commission","year":"2021","unstructured":"European Commission. 2021. Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2021\/260 of 11 February 2021 approving national measures designed to limit the impact of certain diseases of aquatic animals in accordance with Article 226(3) of Regulation (EU) 2016\/429 of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Commission Decision 2010\/221\/EU"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00121"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00721-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2013.186"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000201"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1983.tb00383.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_2","unstructured":"Kaspersen H. 2025. NorwegianVeterinaryInstitute\/Assemblage. Zenodo. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/zenodo.15647694"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw354"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_2","unstructured":"Bittencourt S. 2010. FastQC: a quality control tool for high throughput sequence data \u2013 ScienceOpen. Available from: https:\/\/www.scienceopen.com\/document?vid=de674375-ab83-4595-afa9-4c8aa9e4e736"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1891-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.03941"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1005595"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt086"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.04677"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa131"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hoang DT Chernomor O Haeseler A von Minh BQ Vinh LS. 2017. UFBoot2: improving the ultrafast Bootstrap approximation. Mol Biol Evol Oxf Acad. doi:10.1101\/153916","DOI":"10.1101\/153916"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70277-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/ijs.0.059774-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01198"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00730-18"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_55_2","unstructured":"Sommerset I Wiik-Nielsen J Moldal T Oliveira VHS Svendsen JC Haukaas A Brun E. 2024. Norwegian Fish Health Report 2023. Norwegian Veterinary Institute"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-2260-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfd.13586"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_59_2","unstructured":"Johansen R. 2013. Fish health report 2012. Norwegian Veterinary Institute Oslo Norwegian Veterinary Institute Report Series"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2004.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao028093"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3147\/jsfp.52.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.1985.tb00965.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0054934"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68990-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2019.00426"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1097(91)90543-j"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.740798"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_69_2","unstructured":"Lyngstad TM H\u00f8g\u00e5sen HR Jansen MD Nilsen A. 2015. Risk of disease transfer with wellboats in Norway - Technical report. Oslo: Veterin\u00e6rinstituttet Veterin\u00e6rinstituttets rapportserie 15-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12979"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2761.2008.00941.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_72_2","unstructured":"Bregnballe J. 2022. A guide to recirculation aquaculture. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome Italy. Available from: http:\/\/www.fao.org\/documents\/card\/en\/c\/cc2390en. Retrieved 02 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101312"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8030(96)90006-X"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.00347-26","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/aem.00347-26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T15:21:42Z","timestamp":1783005702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/aem.00347-26"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Pablo","family":"Tortosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/aem.00347-26"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00347-26","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.08.18.670871","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00347-26"}}