{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:30:14Z","timestamp":1791354614408,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]],"date-time":"2012-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1339718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We compared the resistomes within polluted and unpolluted rivers, focusing on extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, in particular\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            . Twelve rivers from a Portuguese hydrographic basin were sampled. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters of water quality were determined, and the results showed that 9 rivers were classified as unpolluted (UP) and that 3 were classified as polluted (P). Of the 225 cefotaxime-resistant strains isolated, 39 were identified as ESBL-producing strains, with 18 carrying a\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            gene (15 from P and 3 from UP rivers). Analysis of CTX-M nucleotide sequences showed that 17 isolates produced CTX-M from group 1 (CTX-M-1, -3, -15, and -32) and 1 CTX-M that belonged to group 9 (CTX-M-14). A genetic environment study revealed the presence of different genetic elements previously described for clinical strains. IS\n            <jats:italic>Ecp1<\/jats:italic>\n            was found in the upstream regions of all isolates examined. Culture-independent\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            -like libraries were comprised of 16 CTX-M gene variants, with 14 types in the P library and 4 types in UP library, varying from 68% to 99% similarity between them. Besides the much lower level of diversity among CTX-M-like genes from UP sites, the majority were similar to chromosomal ESBLs such as\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>RAHN-1<\/jats:sub>\n            . The results demonstrate that the occurrence and diversity of\n            <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n            <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n            genes are clearly different between polluted and unpolluted lotic ecosystems; these findings favor the hypothesis that natural environments are reservoirs of resistant bacteria and resistance genes, where anthropogenic-driven selective pressures may be contributing to the persistence and dissemination of genes usually relevant in clinical environments.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00359-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,8]],"date-time":"2012-04-08T04:38:16Z","timestamp":1333859896000},"page":"4134-4140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Resistance to Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Aquatic Systems: Anthropogenic Activities Modulate the Dissemination of\n            <i>bla<\/i>\n            <sub>CTX-M<\/sub>\n            -Like Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Marta","family":"Tac\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Department and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0807.010264"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2008.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-micro-090110-102911"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2010. Performance standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing\u2014approved standard M100-S20. CLSI Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CoqueTM\nBaqueroF\nCantonR. 2008. Increasing prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Europe. Euro Surveill. 13(48):pii=19051. http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19051.","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.13.47.19044-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp498"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"DRA-Centro Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Regional do Ambiente-Centro. 1998. Plano de bacia hidrogr\u00e1fica do Rio Vouga 1 a fase an\u00e1lise e diagn\u00f3stico da situa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia anexos tem\u00e1ticos. DRA-Centro Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Regional do Ambiente-Centro Lisbon Portugal. http:\/\/www.arhcentro.pt\/website\/OLD_Plan._Bacia_Hidrogr%C3%A1fica\/PGH_-_Rio_Vouga.aspx. 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