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Compared to other yeasts,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cyberlindnera jadinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      has an exceptionally high biomass yield on ethanol. Simulations with a stoichiometric metabolic model identified an intramitochondrial rather than cytosolic localization of NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      -dependent alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenases as a possible explanation for this high yield. This hypothesis was tested in a comparative study with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ogataea parapolymorpha,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which, like\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jadinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      , contains a proton-pumping Complex I NADH dehydrogenase, but shows a lower biomass yield on ethanol. Experiments with an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">aox<\/jats:italic>\n                      null mutant showed that the lower biomass yield of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. parapolymorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                      was not caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      alcohol oxidase activity. Proteome analyses showed that the most abundant ADH isozyme in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jadinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. parapolymorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                      contained and lacked a predicted mitochondrial targeting sequence, respectively. The ADH protein with the highest prevalence in ethanol-limited cultures of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jadinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was predicted to be mitochondrial and accounted for almost 4% of the detected proteome. In subcellular fractionation studies with cells grown under ethanol limitation, ADH showed 10-fold lower specific activity in the mitochondria-enriched fraction of cell homogenates of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">O. parapolymorpha<\/jats:italic>\n                      than in the cytosolic fraction. Conversely,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jadinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed a 50% higher ADH activity in the mitochondria-enriched fraction. A low overall recovery of ADH in mitochondria-enriched fractions of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. jadinii<\/jats:italic>\n                      was attributed to disruption of the reticulate mitochondrial structures observed in ethanol-grown cells during preparation of cell homogenates. This study demonstrates how subcellular localization of an NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      -dependent dehydrogenase can influence respiratory energy coupling in yeasts that harbor a Complex I NADH dehydrogenase.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study provides theoretical and experimental evidence that intracellular localization of NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      -dependent dehydrogenases can be a key factor for respiratory energy coupling in yeasts. Based on this, alteration of the cellular localization of NAD\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      -dehydrogenases is identified as an interesting metabolic engineering strategy for improving respiratory energy coupling in eukaryotic cell factories.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00362-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:39:52Z","timestamp":1783694392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mitochondrial localization of key NAD\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    -dependent dehydrogenases explains the exceptionally high biomass yield on ethanol of the yeast\n                    <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4927-6432","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marieke","family":"Warmerdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology","place":["Delft, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-7882-9124","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yared O.","family":"Pijman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology","place":["Delft, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7924-5814","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marc P.","family":"Pedersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology","place":["Delft, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Wattel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology","place":["Delft, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3115-3520","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marcel A.","family":"Vieira-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology","place":["Delft, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5617-4611","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jack T.","family":"Pronk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02e2c7k09","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology","place":["Delft, the Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-024-02546-w"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-019-0272-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2019.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00204"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/fox044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EE02540F"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2024.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8EE03134G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00705"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41929-024-01225-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.307"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-024-02585-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/femsyr\/foae037"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"The yeasts: a taxonomic study","author":"Kurtzman C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kurtzman C, Fell JW, Boekhout T. 2011. 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