{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:54:31Z","timestamp":1792803271301,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]],"date-time":"2015-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434326400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The diversity of clinical (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 92) and oral and digestive commensal (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 120) isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus salivarius<\/jats:named-content>\n            was analyzed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). No clustering of clinical or commensal strains can be observed in the phylogenetic tree. Selected strains (92 clinical and 46 commensal strains) were then examined for their susceptibilities to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, and phenicol antibiotics. The presence of resistance genes\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (M),\n            <jats:italic>tet<\/jats:italic>\n            (O),\n            <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n            (A),\n            <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n            (B),\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (A\/E), and\n            <jats:italic>catQ<\/jats:italic>\n            and associated genetic elements was investigated by PCR, as was the genetic linkage of resistance genes. High rates of erythromycin and tetracycline resistance were observed among the strains. Clinical strains displayed either the\n            <jats:italic>erm<\/jats:italic>\n            (B) (macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B [MLS\n            <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n            ] phenotype) or\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (A\/E) (M phenotype) resistance determinant, whereas almost all the commensal strains harbored the\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (A\/E) resistance gene, carried by a macrolide efflux genetic assembly (MEGA) element. A genetic linkage between a macrolide resistance gene and genes of Tn\n            <jats:italic>916<\/jats:italic>\n            was detected in 23 clinical strains and 5 commensal strains, with a predominance of Tn\n            <jats:italic>3872<\/jats:italic>\n            elements (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 13), followed by Tn\n            <jats:italic>6002<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 11) and Tn\n            <jats:italic>2009<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 4) elements. Four strains harboring a\n            <jats:italic>mef<\/jats:italic>\n            (A\/E) gene were also resistant to chloramphenicol and carried a\n            <jats:italic>catQ<\/jats:italic>\n            gene. Sequencing of the genome of one of these strains revealed that these genes colocalized on an IQ-like element, as already described for other viridans group streptococci. ICE\n            <jats:italic>St3<\/jats:italic>\n            -related elements were also detected in half of the isolates. This work highlights the potential role of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">S. salivarius<\/jats:named-content>\n            in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes both in the oral sphere and in the gut.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00415-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,11]],"date-time":"2015-04-11T03:54:02Z","timestamp":1428724442000},"page":"4155-4163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Resistance Genes and Genetic Elements Associated with Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical and Commensal Isolates of Streptococcus salivarius"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Fanny","family":"Chaffanel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France; Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Charron-Bourgoin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France; Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Libante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France; Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Leblond-Bourget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France; Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Payot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRA, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France; Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine, UMR1128 DynAMic, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences et Technologies, Vand\u0153uvre-l\u00e8s-Nancy, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","first-page":"291","article-title":"Acquisition and maturation of oral microbiome throughout childhood: an update","volume":"11","author":"Sampaio-Maia B","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sampaio-Maia B, Monteiro-Silva F. 2014. 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