{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:38:12Z","timestamp":1792089492101,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]],"date-time":"2008-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1226707200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Broiler flocks often become infected with\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            , and the exact contamination routes are still not fully understood. Insects like darkling beetles and their larvae may play a role in transfer of the pathogens between consecutive cycles. In this study, several groups of beetles and their larvae were artificially contaminated with a mixture of\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>\n            serovar Paratyphi B Variant Java and three\n            <jats:italic>C. jejuni<\/jats:italic>\n            strains and kept for different time intervals before they were fed to individually housed chicks. Most inoculated insects were positive for\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            just before they were fed to the chicks. However,\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            could not be isolated from insects that were kept for 1 week before they were used to mimic an empty week between rearing cycles. All broilers fed insects that were inoculated with pathogens on the day of feeding showed colonization with\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            at levels of 50 to 100%. Transfer of both pathogens by groups of insects that were kept for 1 week before feeding to the chicks was also observed, but at lower levels. Naturally contaminated insects that were collected at a commercial broiler farm colonized broilers at low levels as well. In conclusion, the fact that\n            <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Campylobacter<\/jats:italic>\n            can be transmitted via beetles and their larvae to flocks in successive rearing cycles indicates that there should be intensive control programs for exclusion of these insects from broiler houses.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00451-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,13]],"date-time":"2008-09-13T00:44:55Z","timestamp":1221266695000},"page":"6887-6891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Darkling Beetles (\n            <i>Alphitobius diaperinus<\/i>\n            ) and Their Larvae as Potential Vectors for the Transfer of\n            <i>Campylobacter jejuni<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i>\n            Serovar Paratyphi B Variant Java between Successive Broiler Flocks"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Wilma C.","family":"Hazeleger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nico M.","family":"Bolder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rijkelt R.","family":"Beumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Food Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilma F.","family":"Jacobs-Reitsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Lelystad, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592708"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"130","volume":"291","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bang, B. 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