{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T12:47:25Z","timestamp":1792586845808,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    inhabits marine, brackish, and estuarine waters worldwide, where fluctuations in salinity pose a constant challenge to the osmotic stress response of the organism.\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a moderate halophile, having an absolute requirement for salt for survival, and is capable of growth at 1 to 9% NaCl. It is the leading cause of seafood-related bacterial gastroenteritis in the United States and much of Asia. We determined whether growth in differing NaCl concentrations alters the susceptibility of\n                    <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    O3:K6 to other environmental stresses.\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was grown at a 1% or 3% NaCl concentration, and the growth and survival of the organism were examined under acid or temperature stress conditions. Growth of\n                    <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    in 3% NaCl versus that in 1% NaCl increased survival under both inorganic (HCl) and organic (acetic acid) acid conditions. In addition, at 42\u00b0C and \u221220\u00b0C, 1% NaCl had a detrimental effect on growth. The expression of lysine decarboxylase (encoded by\n                    <jats:italic>cadA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the organism's main acid stress response system, was induced by both NaCl and acid conditions. To begin to address the mechanism of regulation of the stress response, we constructed a knockout mutation in\n                    <jats:italic>rpoS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which encodes the alternative stress sigma factor, and in\n                    <jats:italic>toxRS<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a two-component regulator common to many\n                    <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. Both mutant strains had significantly reduced survival under acid stress conditions. The effect of\n                    <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    growth in 1% or 3% NaCl was examined using a cytotoxicity assay, and we found that\n                    <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    grown in 1% NaCl was significantly more toxic than that grown in 3% NaCl.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00474-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,14]],"date-time":"2010-05-14T22:01:39Z","timestamp":1273874499000},"page":"4720-4729","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Modulation of Responses of\n                    <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/i>\n                    O3:K6 to pH and Temperature Stresses by Growth at Different Salt Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"W. Brian","family":"Whitaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn M.","family":"Naughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Delaware State University, Dover, Delaware 19901"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth L.","family":"Blumerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. Fidelma","family":"Boyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.6.2559-2562.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-142-11-3195"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2628026100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"48","volume":"48","year":"1999","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1999. Outbreak of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection associated with eating raw oysters and clams harvested from Long Island Sound\u2014Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York, 1998. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.48:48-51.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"333","volume":"58","year":"2009","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009. Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food\u201410 states, 2008. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.58:333-337.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315459"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.12.1541"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90206-E"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(99)80030-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"55","volume":"221","year":"1999","unstructured":"Foster, J. W., and M. Moreno. 1999. Inducible acid tolerance mechanisms in enteric bacteria. Novartis Found. Symp.221:55-69,70-74.","journal-title":"Novartis Found. Symp."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00946.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"299","volume":"4","year":"1953","unstructured":"Fujino, T., Y. Okuno, D. Nakada, A. Aoyama, K. Fukai, T. Mukai, and T. Veho. 1953. On the bacteriological examination of shirasu food poisoning. Med. J. Osaka Univ.4:299-304.","journal-title":"Med. J. Osaka Univ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1931298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(89)90359-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.113.1.24-32.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.164.3885.1286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.12.3844-3855.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12659-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.10.4672-4678.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.183.9.2746-2754.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5274(02)00285-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01650.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.02857.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(87)90430-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00025-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01698-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.12.3150-3155.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"427","volume":"127","year":"1981","unstructured":"Palasuntheram, C. 1981. The halophilic properties of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. J. Gen. Microbiol.127:427-428.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/29.9.e45"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plasmid.2004.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.170219997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.3.1491-1497.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1107.041008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-2164(03)01007-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","first-page":"153","volume":"41","year":"1976","unstructured":"Shumway, S. E. 1976. Effect of salinity fluctuation on the osmotic pressure and Na+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ ion concentrations in the hemolymph of bivalve molluscs. Mar. Biol.41:153-177.","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1997.5481909.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","first-page":"3","volume":"2001","year":"2001","unstructured":"Smolikova, L. M., M. Lomov Iu, T. V. Khomenko, G. P. Murnachev, T. A. Kudriakova, O. P. Fetsailova, E. M. Sanamiants, L. D. Makedonova, G. V. Kachkina, and E. N. Golenishcheva. 2001. Studies on halophilic vibrios causing a food poisoning outbreak in the city of Vladivostok. Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol.2001:3-7. (In Russian.)","journal-title":"Zh. Mikrobiol. Epidemiol. Immunobiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2007.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2007.03652.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.4.773-784.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01700-07"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00474-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00474-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T12:06:07Z","timestamp":1645617967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.00474-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"14","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.00474-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00474-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-02-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-05-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-07-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}