{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:20:06Z","timestamp":1790317206729,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,1]],"date-time":"2006-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1157068800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            While many anaerobic microbial communities are capable of reductively dechlorinating tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) to dichloroethene (DCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and finally ethene, the accumulation of the highly toxic intermediates,\n            <jats:italic>cis<\/jats:italic>\n            -DCE (cDCE) and VC, presents a challenge for bioremediation processes. Members of the genus\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            are apparently solely responsible for dechlorination beyond DCE, but isolates of\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            each metabolize only a subset of PCE dechlorination intermediates and the interactions among distinct\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            strains that result in complete dechlorination are not well understood. Here we apply quantitative PCR to 16S rRNA and reductase gene sequences to discriminate and track\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            strains in a TCE enrichment derived from soil taken from the Alameda Naval Air Station (ANAS) using a four-gene plasmid standard. This standard increased experimental accuracy such that 16S rRNA and summed reductase gene copy numbers matched to within 10%. The ANAS culture was found to contain only a single\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            16S rRNA gene sequence, matching that of\n            <jats:italic>D. ethenogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            195, but both the\n            <jats:italic>vcrA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>tceA<\/jats:italic>\n            reductive dehalogenase genes. Quantities of these two genes in the enrichment summed to the quantity of the\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            16S rRNA gene. Further, between ANAS subcultures enriched on TCE, cDCE, or VC, the relative copy number of the two dehalogenases shifted 14-fold, indicating that the genes are present in two different\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            strains. Comparison of cell yields in VC-, cDCE-, and TCE-enriched subcultures suggests that the\n            <jats:italic>tceA<\/jats:italic>\n            -containing strain is responsible for nearly all of the TCE and cDCE metabolism in ANAS, whereas the\n            <jats:italic>vcrA<\/jats:italic>\n            -containing strain is responsible for all of the VC metabolism.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00516-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,6]],"date-time":"2006-09-06T23:18:42Z","timestamp":1157584722000},"page":"5877-5883","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":128,"title":["Discrimination of Multiple\n            <i>Dehalococcoides<\/i>\n            Strains in a Trichloroethene Enrichment by Quantification of Their Reductive Dehalogenase Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Victor F.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick K. H.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Alvarez-Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720"},{"name":"Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35046063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es049965z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0348647"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.2.953-959.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02818543"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.57.8.2287-2292.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.10.3869-3877.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5538-5545.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.45.100191.001435"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.2.996-1003.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2005.00830.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.9.5290-5297.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.180.2.366-376.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.7.3866-3871.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.10.6347-6351.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.12.5141-5147.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.64.4.1270-1275.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.7.3108-3113.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.276.5318.1568"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es001285i"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.8.4880-4888.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.1.90-96.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.37.4.562-603.1973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es0157797"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.72.4.2765-2774.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102226"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","first-page":"369","volume":"57","year":"2003","unstructured":"Smits, T. H. M., C. Devenoges, K. Szynalski, J. Maillard, and C. Holliger. 2003. Development of a real-time PCR method for quantification of the three genera Dehalobacter, Dehalococcoides, and Desulfitobacterium in microbial communities. J. Microbiol. Methods57:369-378.","journal-title":"J. Microbiol. 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