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Increases in antibiotic resistance of both environmental and clinical vibrios are of concern; however, limited longitudinal data have been generated among environmental isolates to inform how resistance patterns may be changing over time. Hence, we evaluated long-term trends in antibiotic resistance of vibrios isolated from Chesapeake Bay waters (Maryland) across two 3-year sampling periods (2009\u20132012 and 2019\u20132022).\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 134) and\n                      <jats:italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 94) t\n                      <jats:italic>ox<\/jats:italic>\n                      R-confirmed isolates were randomly selected from both sampling periods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A high percentage (94%\u201396%) of\n                      <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from both sampling periods were resistant to ampicillin and only 2%\u20136% of these isolates expressed intermediate resistance or resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, amikacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Even lower percentages of resistant\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were observed and those were mostly recovered from 2009 to 2012, however, the presence of multiple virulence factors was observed. The frequency of multi-drug resistance was relatively low (6%\u20138%) but included resistance against antibiotics used to treat severe vibriosis in adults and children. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, indicating its sustained efficacy as a first-line agent in the treatment of severe vibriosis. Overall, our data indicate that antibiotic resistance patterns among\n                      <jats:italic>V. parahaemolyticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>V. vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                      recovered from the lower Chesapeake Bay have remained relatively stable since 2009.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                        spp. have historically been susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics; however, resistance and intermediate-resistance have been increasingly recorded in both environmental and clinical isolates. Our data showed that while the percentage of multi-drug resistance and resistance to antibiotics was relatively low and stable across time, some\n                        <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                        isolates displayed resistance and intermediate resistance to antibiotics typically used to treat severe vibriosis (e.g., third-generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and aminoglycosides). Also, given the high case fatality rates observed with\n                        <jats:italic>Vibrio vulnificus<\/jats:italic>\n                        infections, the presence of multiple virulence factors in the tested isolates is concerning. Nevertheless, the continued susceptibility of all tested isolates against ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is indicative of its use as an effective first-line treatment of severe\n                        <jats:italic>Vibrio<\/jats:italic>\n                        spp. infections stemming from exposure to Chesapeake Bay waters or contaminated seafood ingestion.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00539-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,29]],"date-time":"2024-05-29T09:04:41Z","timestamp":1716973481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Antibiotic resistance trends among\n                    <i>Vibrio vulnificus<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus<\/i>\n                    isolated from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7245-742X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele E.","family":"Morgado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyle D.","family":"Brumfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhana","family":"Chattopadhyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leena","family":"Malayil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiwo","family":"Alawode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibiyinka","family":"Amokeodo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anwar","family":"Huq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita R.","family":"Colwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"},{"name":"University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8666-6978","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Amy R.","family":"Sapkota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019. Vibrio species causing vibriosis. CDC National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Division of Foodborne Waterborne and Environmental Diseases. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vibrio\/index.html. Retrieved 24 May 2023."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198502073120604"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","first-page":"665","article-title":"A review of pathogenic Vibrio infections for clinicians","volume":"17","author":"Daniels NA","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daniels NA, Shafaie A. 2000. A review of pathogenic Vibrio infections for clinicians. 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