{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:11:30Z","timestamp":1790755890869,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            During a survey of fresh chicken and turkey meat as well as chicken and turkey meat products for the presence of methicillin-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:named-content>\n            (MRSA) isolates in Germany, 32 (37.2%) of 86 samples were MRSA positive. Twenty-eight of these MRSA isolates belonged to clonal complex 398 (CC398), which is widespread among food-producing animals. These CC398 isolates carried SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            elements of type IV or V and exhibited\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t011, t034, t899, t2346 or t6574 and either the known\n            <jats:italic>dru<\/jats:italic>\n            types dt2b, dt6j, dt10a, dt10q, dt11a, dt11v, and dt11ab or the novel\n            <jats:italic>dru<\/jats:italic>\n            types dt6m, dt10as, and dt10at. In addition, two MRSA sequence type 9 (ST9) isolates with a type IV SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            cassette,\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t1430, and\n            <jats:italic>dru<\/jats:italic>\n            type dt10a as well as single MRSA ST5 and ST1791 isolates with a type III SCC\n            <jats:italic>mec<\/jats:italic>\n            cassette,\n            <jats:italic>spa<\/jats:italic>\n            type t002, and\n            <jats:italic>dru<\/jats:italic>\n            type dt9v were identified. All but two isolates were classified as multiresistant. A wide variety of resistance phenotypes and genotypes were detected. All isolates were negative for the major virulence factors, such as Panton-Valentine leukocidin, toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, or exfoliative toxins. In contrast to the MRSA CC398 isolates, the four ST9, ST5, or ST1791 isolates harbored the\n            <jats:italic>egc<\/jats:italic>\n            gene cluster for enterotoxin G, I, M, N, O, and U genes. Although the relevance of contamination of fresh poultry meat or poultry products with MRSA is currently unclear, the presence of multiresistant and, in part, enterotoxigenic MRSA emphasizes the need for further studies to elucidate possible health hazards for consumers.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00561-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,4]],"date-time":"2011-07-04T11:30:31Z","timestamp":1309779031000},"page":"7151-7157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":183,"title":["Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Food and Food Products of Poultry Origin in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Andrea T.","family":"Fe\u00dfler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Kadlec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie","family":"Hassel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Landesuntersuchungsamt Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Hauschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Eidam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ralf","family":"Ehricht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Monecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alere Technologies GmbH, Jena, Germany"},{"name":"Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2008. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility test for bacteria isolated from animals; approved standard 3rd ed. CLSI document M31-A3. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"CLSI. 2010. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 20th informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S20. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Wayne PA."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.46.19712-en"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"DullweberA.\n. 2010. Occurrence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in poultry flocks. Dissertation. 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