{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:39:58Z","timestamp":1791311998132,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Parasites from the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            genus are the most common cause of waterborne disease around the world. Successful management and prevention of this emerging disease requires knowledge of the diversity of species causing human disease and their zoonotic sources. This study employed a spatiotemporal approach to investigate sporadic human cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales, Australia, between January 2008 and December 2010. Analysis of 261 human fecal samples showed that sporadic human cryptosporidiosis is caused by four species;\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. hominis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. andersoni<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. fayeri<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Sequence analysis of the\n            <jats:italic>gp60<\/jats:italic>\n            gene identified 5 subtype families and 31 subtypes.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium hominis<\/jats:named-content>\n            IbA10G2 and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            IIaA18G3R1 were the most frequent causes of human cryptosporidiosis in New South Wales, with 59% and 16% of infections, respectively, attributed to them. The results showed that infections were most prevalent in 0- to 4-year-olds. No gender bias or regional segregation was observed between the distribution of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. hominis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections. To determine the role of cattle in sporadic human infections in New South Wales, 205 cattle fecal samples were analyzed. Four\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium<\/jats:named-content>\n            species were identified,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. hominis<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. bovis<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. ryanae. C. parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            subtype IIaA18G3R1 was the most common cause of cryptosporidiosis in cattle, with 47% of infections attributed to it.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. hominis<\/jats:named-content>\n            subtype IbA10G2 was also identified in cattle isolates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00615-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,10]],"date-time":"2011-09-10T02:51:01Z","timestamp":1315623061000},"page":"7757-7765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Molecular Epidemiology, Spatiotemporal Analysis, and Ecology of Sporadic Human Cryptosporidiosis in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Liette S.","family":"Waldron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Borce","family":"Dimeski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urban Research Centre, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2150, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J.","family":"Beggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environment and Geography, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Belinda C.","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2032, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Power","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-006-0164-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3285681"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2005.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-007-9487-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2009.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00116-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200700279"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00224.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","unstructured":"New South Wales Public Health Act of 1991. 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