{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:21:18Z","timestamp":1791354078194,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228089600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The importance of\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            in the transmission of tick-borne pathogens is well recognized in the United Kingdom and across Europe. However, the role of coexisting\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n            species, such as the widely distributed species\n            <jats:italic>Ixodes trianguliceps<\/jats:italic>\n            , as alternative vectors for these pathogens has received little attention. This study aimed to assess the relative importance of\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>I. trianguliceps<\/jats:italic>\n            in the transmission of\n            <jats:italic>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n            among United Kingdom field voles (\n            <jats:italic>Microtus agrestis<\/jats:italic>\n            ), which serve as reservoir hosts for both pathogens. While all instars of\n            <jats:italic>I. trianguliceps<\/jats:italic>\n            feed exclusively on small mammals,\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            adults feed primarily on larger hosts such as deer. The abundance of both tick species and pathogen infection prevalence in field voles were monitored at sites surrounded with fencing that excluded deer and at sites where deer were free to roam. As expected, fencing significantly reduced the larval burden of\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            on field voles and the abundance of questing nymphs, but the larval burden of\n            <jats:italic>I. trianguliceps<\/jats:italic>\n            was not significantly affected. The prevalence of\n            <jats:italic>A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n            infections was not significantly affected by the presence of fencing, suggesting that\n            <jats:italic>I. trianguliceps<\/jats:italic>\n            is their principal vector. The prevalence of nymphal and adult ticks on field voles was also unaffected, indicating that relatively few non-larval\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            ticks feed upon field voles. This study provides compelling evidence for the importance of\n            <jats:italic>I. trianguliceps<\/jats:italic>\n            in maintaining these enzootic tick-borne infections, while highlighting the potential for such infections to escape into alternative hosts via\n            <jats:italic>I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00625-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,27]],"date-time":"2008-09-27T00:44:50Z","timestamp":1222476290000},"page":"7118-7125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Relative Importance of\n            <i>Ixodes ricinus<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Ixodes trianguliceps<\/i>\n            as Vectors for\n            <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/i>\n            and\n            <i>Babesia microti<\/i>\n            in Field Vole (\n            <i>Microtus agrestis<\/i>\n            ) Populations"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"K. J.","family":"Bown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"X.","family":"Lambin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. R.","family":"Telford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Zoology Building, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N. H.","family":"Ogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche\u0301 en E\u0301pide\u0301miologie des Zoonoses et Sante\u0301 Publique, Faculte\u0301 de Me\u0301decine Ve\u0301te\u0301rinaire, Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Que\u0301bec J2S 7C6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Telfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Woldehiwet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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