{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T20:54:21Z","timestamp":1790801661820,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,1]],"date-time":"2010-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1283299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Eugenol, an essential oil component in plants, has been demonstrated to possess activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This study examined the influence that subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol may have on the expression of the major exotoxins produced by\n            <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            . The results from a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) release assay and a hemolysin assay indicated that\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            cultured with graded subinhibitory concentrations of eugenol (16 to 128 \u03bcg\/ml) dose dependently decreased the TNF-inducing and hemolytic activities of culture supernatants. Western blot analysis showed that eugenol significantly reduced the production of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), SEB, and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (the key exotoxins to induce TNF release), as well as the expression of \u03b1-hemolysin (the major hemolysin to cause hemolysis). In addition, this suppression was also evaluated at the transcriptional level via real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis. The transcriptional analysis indicated that 128 \u03bcg\/ml of eugenol remarkably repressed the transcription of the\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus sea<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>seb<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>tst<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>hla<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. According to these results, eugenol has the potential to be rationally applied on food products as a novel food antimicrobial agent both to inhibit the growth of bacteria and to suppress the production of exotoxins by\n            <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n            .\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00704-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,17]],"date-time":"2010-07-17T02:01:16Z","timestamp":1279332076000},"page":"5846-5851","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Eugenol Reduces the Expression of Virulence-Related Exoproteins in\n            <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Jiazhang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haihua","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dacheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianfeng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoliang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juxiong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuming","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoonoses, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Relative quantification of gene expression. 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