{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:59:12Z","timestamp":1790546352021,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]],"date-time":"2012-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1344988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Leptospirosis is a potentially deadly zoonotic disease that afflicts humans and animals.<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira interrogans<\/jats:named-content>, the predominant agent of leptospirosis, encounters diverse conditions as it proceeds through its life cycle, which includes stages inside and outside the host. Unfortunately, the number of genetic tools available for examining the regulation of gene expression in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>is limited. Consequently, little is known about the genetic circuits that control gene expression in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira<\/jats:named-content>. To better understand the regulation of leptospiral gene expression, the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans kdp<\/jats:named-content>locus, encoding homologs of the P-type ATPase KdpABC potassium transporter with their KdpD sensors and KdpE response regulators, was selected for analysis. We showed that a<jats:italic>kdpE<\/jats:italic>mutation in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>prevented the increase in<jats:italic>kdpABC<\/jats:italic>mRNA levels observed in the wild-type<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>strain when external potassium levels were low. To confirm that KdpE was a positive regulator of<jats:italic>kdpABC<\/jats:italic>transcription, we developed a novel approach for constructing chromosomal genetic fusions to the endogenous<jats:italic>bgaL<\/jats:italic>(\u03b2-galactosidase) gene of the nonpathogen<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Leptospira biflexa<\/jats:named-content>. We demonstrated positive regulation of a<jats:italic>kdpA\u2032-bgaL<\/jats:italic>fusion in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. biflexa<\/jats:named-content>by the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. interrogans<\/jats:named-content>KdpE response regulator. A control<jats:italic>lipL32\u2032-bgaL<\/jats:italic>fusion was not regulated by KdpE. These results demonstrate the utility of genetic fusions to the<jats:italic>bgaL<\/jats:italic>gene of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. biflexa<\/jats:named-content>for examining leptospiral gene regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00713-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,9]],"date-time":"2012-06-09T03:59:21Z","timestamp":1339214361000},"page":"5699-5707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Positive Regulation of Leptospira interrogans kdp Expression by KdpE as Demonstrated with a Novel \u03b2-Galactosidase Reporter in Leptospira biflexa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Matsunaga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana L.","family":"Coutinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Service, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA"},{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2011.02.055"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02199-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26065-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09687680701418931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.02219.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603979103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017409"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016879"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-010-0317-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00989-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-147-7-1745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780471729259.mc12e02s02"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2010.07262.x","article-title":"Leptospira: a spirochaete with a hybrid outer membrane","volume":"77","author":"Haake DA","year":"2010","unstructured":"HaakeDA MatsunagaJ. 2010. 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