{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T13:05:48Z","timestamp":1790600748463,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]],"date-time":"2018-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536969600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants","award":["H28-Kenki-Ippan-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H28-Kenki-Ippan-006"]}]},{"name":"The Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants","award":["H28-Shinko-Ippan-006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H28-Shinko-Ippan-006"]}]},{"name":"The Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants","award":["H25-Kenki-Ippan-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H25-Kenki-Ippan-009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Legionella pneumophila<\/jats:named-content>serogroup 1 (SG1) is the most frequent cause of legionellosis. Our previous genetic analysis indicated that SG1 environmental isolates represented 8 major clonal complexes, consisting of 3 B groups, 2 C groups, and 3 S groups, which included major environmental isolates derived from bath water, cooling towers, and soil and puddles, respectively. Here, we surveyed clinical isolates collected from patients with legionellosis in Japan between 2008 and 2016. Most strains belonging to the B group were isolated from patients for whom bath water was the suspected or confirmed source of infection. Among the isolates derived from patients whose suspected infection source was soil or dust, most belonged to the S1 group and none belonged to the B or C groups. Additionally, the U group was discovered as a new group, which mainly included clinical isolates with unknown infection sources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00721-18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,6]],"date-time":"2018-07-06T10:07:22Z","timestamp":1530871642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Legionella pneumophila and Other Legionella Species Isolated from Legionellosis Patients in Japan between 2008 and 2016"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Junko","family":"Amemura-Maekawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiaki","family":"Kura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Chida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sendai City Institute of Public Health, Miyagi, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitomi","family":"Ohya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kanagawa Prefectural Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-ichi","family":"Kanatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Isobe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toyama Institute of Health, Toyama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinobu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kobe Institute of Health, Hyogo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Okayama Prefectural Institute for Environmental Science and Public Health, Okayama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Hiratsuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hiroshima Prefectural Technology Research Institute, Public Health and Environment Center, Hiroshima, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuji","family":"Yoshino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Miyazaki Prefectural Institute for Public Health and Environment, Miyazaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyo","family":"Murai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Saitama Prefectural University, Saitama, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Working Group for Legionella in Japan F. Kodama Teine Keijinkai Hospital K. Iwabuchi Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture S. Fujii Research Institute for Environmental Sciences and Public Health of Iwate Prefecture Y. Yamaguchi Miyagi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment N. Numata Sendai City Institute of Public Health T. Konno Akita Research Center for Public Health and Environment A. Kaneko Yamagata Prefectural Institute of Public Health J.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 2007. Legionella and the prevention of legionellosis. World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/emerging\/legionella.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.33.12.1179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70713-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.3.506-526.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.42.806"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026880500508X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.81.173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","first-page":"186","article-title":"Legionellosis","volume":"21","author":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division","year":"2000","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division. 2000. Legionellosis, April 1999\u2013July 2000. Infect Agents Surveill Rep 21:186\u2013187.","journal-title":"Infect Agents Surveill Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"155","article-title":"Legionellosis","volume":"34","author":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division","year":"2013","unstructured":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tuberculosis and Infectious Diseases Control Division. 2013. Legionellosis, January 2008\u2013December 2012. Infect Agents Surveill Rep 34:155\u2013157.","journal-title":"Infect Agents Surveill Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.161012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1997.tb01190.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016089-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare. 2015. Manuals for the prevention of Legionnaires' disease in circulation type bathtub. Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare Tokyo Japan. (In Japanese.) http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/06-Seisakujouhou-11130500-Shokuhinanzenbu\/0000132562.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","volume-title":"Guideline for prevention of Legionnaires' disease","author":"Committee for Preparation of the Guideline for Prevention of Legionnaires' Disease","year":"2017","unstructured":"Committee for Preparation of the Guideline for Prevention of Legionnaires' Disease. 2017. Guideline for prevention of Legionnaires' disease, 4th ed. Japan Architectural Health, Management, and Education Center, Tokyo, Japan. 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