{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:19:59Z","timestamp":1790623199104,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 A102966-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 A102966-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 NS088326-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 NS088326-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000774","name":"DOD | Defense Threat Reduction Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W911QY-15-1-0019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W911QY-15-1-0019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory infection by pathogens via aerosol remains a major concern for both natural disease transmission as well as intentional release of biological weapons. Critical to understanding the disease course and pathogenesis of inhaled pathogens are studies in animal models conducted under tightly controlled experimental settings, including the inhaled dose. The route of administration, particle size, and dose can affect disease progression and outcome. Damage to or loss of pathogens during aerosolization could increase the dose required to cause disease and could stimulate innate immune responses, altering outcome. Aerosol generators that reduce pathogen loss would be ideal. This study compares two aerosol generators to determine which is superior for animal studies. Aerosol research methods and equipment need to be well characterized to optimize the development of animal models for respiratory pathogens, including bioterrorism agents. This information will be critical for pivotal efficacy studies in animals to evaluate potential vaccines or treatments against these agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00747-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,1]],"date-time":"2019-07-01T06:34:00Z","timestamp":1561962840000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["A Vibrating Mesh Nebulizer as an Alternative to the Collison Three-Jet Nebulizer for Infectious Disease Aerobiology"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1432-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Bowling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0783-5628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katherine J.","family":"O\u2019Malley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4506-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William B.","family":"Klimstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0857-2973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Hartman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0076-9023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/493960"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.024117-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vascn.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12157"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/am.23.1.1-3.1972"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400052840"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0300985810378650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v6010137"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/br.25.3.182-187.1961"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00198-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-8502(73)90006-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","first-page":"65","volume-title":"Biodefense research methodology and animal models","author":"Roy CJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roy CJ, Pitt MLM. 2012. Infectious disease aerobiology: aerosol challenge methods, p 65\u201379. In Swearengen JR (ed), Biodefense research methodology and animal models, 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.","edition":"2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2014.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01116-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","first-page":"845","article-title":"Influence of nebulizer type, position, and bias flow on aerosol drug delivery in simulated pediatric and adult lung models during mechanical ventilation","volume":"55","author":"Ari A","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ari A, Atalay OT, Harwood R, Sheard MM, Aljamhan EA, Fink JB. 2010. Influence of nebulizer type, position, and bias flow on aerosol drug delivery in simulated pediatric and adult lung models during mechanical ventilation. Respir Care 55:845\u2013851.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jam.2007.0622"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","first-page":"246","article-title":"Potential for accidental microbial aerosol transmission in the biological laboratory","volume":"1973","author":"Dimmick R","year":"1973","unstructured":"Dimmick R, Vogl W, Chatigny M. 1973. Potential for accidental microbial aerosol transmission in the biological laboratory. Biohazards Biol Res 1973:246\u2013266.","journal-title":"Biohazards Biol Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.8.2.154"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08958378.2012.666682"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601770"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"1996","unstructured":"National Research Council. 1996. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academies Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2012.00105"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","volume-title":"Overcoming challenges to develop countermeasures against aerosolized bioterrorism agents: appropriate use of animal models","author":"National Research Council Committee on Animal Models for Testing Interventions Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents","year":"2006","unstructured":"National Research Council Committee on Animal Models for Testing Interventions Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents. 2006. Overcoming challenges to develop countermeasures against aerosolized bioterrorism agents: appropriate use of animal models. National Academies Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a118408"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00747-19","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.00747-19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T13:54:15Z","timestamp":1645624455000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.00747-19"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Elkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.00747-19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.00747-19","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/594358","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-03-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-06-23","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-14","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e00747-19"}}