{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T03:35:33Z","timestamp":1791776133338,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]],"date-time":"2011-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318636800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Salicylate, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory compound, has been shown to increase the resistance of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            to antimicrobials. However, the molecular mechanism underlying salicylate-induced resistance has not yet been established. In this study, we determined how salicylate increases antibiotic resistance and evaluated its impact on the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            mutants. Transcriptional fusion assays, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), and immunoblotting assays consistently demonstrated the induction of the CmeABC multidrug efflux pump by salicylate. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays further showed that salicylate inhibits the binding of CmeR (a transcriptional repressor of the TetR family) to the promoter DNA of\n            <jats:italic>cmeABC<\/jats:italic>\n            , suggesting that salicylate inhibits the function of CmeR. The presence of salicylate in the culture medium not only decreased the susceptibility of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            to ciprofloxacin but also resulted in an approximately 70-fold increase in the observed frequency of emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants under selection with ciprofloxacin. Together, these results indicate that in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter<\/jats:named-content>\n            , salicylate inhibits the binding of CmeR to the promoter DNA and induces expression of\n            <jats:italic>cmeABC<\/jats:italic>\n            , resulting in decreased susceptibility to antibiotics and in increased emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants under selection pressure.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00763-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,9]],"date-time":"2011-08-09T16:15:10Z","timestamp":1312906510000},"page":"7128-7133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Salicylate Functions as an Efflux Pump Inducer and Promotes the Emergence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Mutants"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Zhangqi","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, 1116 Veterinary Medicine Complex, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ying","family":"Pu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, 1116 Veterinary Medicine Complex, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011"},{"name":"Microbiology Laboratory, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, 1116 Veterinary Medicine Complex, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 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