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Detection of infection biomarkers in the circulation of infected rabbits could be achieved only after removal of highly abundant serum proteins by chromatography using a random-ligand affinity column. Besides the toxin component protective antigen, the following three secreted proteins were detected in the circulation of infected animals: the chaperone and protease HtrA (BA3660), an NlpC\/P60 endopeptidase (BA1952), and a protein of unknown function harboring two SH3 (Src homology 3) domains (BA0796). The three proteins could be detected in plasma samples from infected animals exhibiting 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>to 10<jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>CFU\/ml blood and also in standard blood cultures at 3 to 6 h post-bacterial inoculation at a bacteremic level as low as 10<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>CFU\/ml. Furthermore, the three biomarkers appear to be present only in the secretome of<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>, not in those of the related pathogens<jats:italic>B. thuringiensis<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of direct detection of<jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>-specific proteins, other than the toxin components, in the circulation of infected animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00766-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T01:27:43Z","timestamp":1249090063000},"page":"6157-6167","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Novel and Unique Diagnostic Biomarkers for<i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Sagit","family":"Sela-Abramovich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Science Research Israel Ltd., Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodor","family":"Chitlaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Orit","family":"Gat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haim","family":"Grosfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ofer","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avigdor","family":"Shafferman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.200300465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.11.6231-6241.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","first-page":"RII","volume":"4","year":"2003","unstructured":"Anantharaman, V., and L. 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