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Accordingly, it is conceivable that the MIC against drug-sensitive bacteria may promote biofilm formation of resistant bacteria. Since drug-resistant bacteria have spread, it is important to understand the behavior of resistant bacteria.\n                    <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:named-content>\n                    is bacitracin resistant, and the 1\/8\u00d7 MIC of bacitracin, which is a cell wall-targeted antibiotic, induced eDNA-dependent biofilm formation. The \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>mbrC<\/jats:italic>\n                    and \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>mbrD<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains, which are not resistant to bacitracin, also formed biofilms in the presence of bacitracin at 1\/2\u00d7 MIC, and biofilms of both the wild type and mutants promoted horizontal gene transfer. Another cell wall-targeted antibiotic, vancomycin, showed effects on biofilms and gene transfer similar to those of bacitracin. Thus, treatment with cell wall-targeted antibiotics may promote the spread of drug-resistant genes in biofilms. Therefore, the behavior of resistant bacteria in the presence of antibiotics at sub-MICs should be investigated when using antibiotics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00770-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,15]],"date-time":"2020-06-15T10:29:20Z","timestamp":1592216960000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Potential Risk of Spreading Resistance Genes within Extracellular-DNA-Dependent Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans in Response to Cell Envelope Stress Induced by Sub-MICs of Bacitracin"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3106-7916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Nagasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, 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