{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T12:26:30Z","timestamp":1791462390570,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,1]],"date-time":"2010-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1262304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Contamination of meat products with food-borne pathogens usually results from the carcass coming in contact with the feces of an infected animal during processing. In the case of<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>, pigs can become colonized with the organism during transport and lairage from contaminated trailers and holding pens, resulting in increased pathogen shedding just prior to processing. Increased shedding, in turn, amplifies the likelihood of carcass contamination by magnifying the amount of bacteria that enters the processing facility. We conducted a series of experiments to test whether phage therapy could limit<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>infections at this crucial period. In a preliminary experiment done with small pigs (3 to 4 weeks old; 30 to 40 lb), administration of an anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>phage cocktail at the time of inoculation with<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhimurium reduced<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>colonization by 99.0 to 99.9% (2- to 3-log reduction) in the tonsils, ileum, and cecum. To test the efficacy of phage therapy in a production-like setting, we inoculated four market-weight pigs (in three replicates) with<jats:italic>Salmonella enterica<\/jats:italic>serovar Typhimurium and allowed the challenged pigs to contaminate a holding pen for 48 h. Sixteen nai\u0308ve pigs were randomly split into two groups which received either the anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>phage cocktail or a mock treatment. Both groups of pigs were comingled with the challenged pigs in the contaminated pen. Treatment with the anti-<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>phage cocktail significantly reduced cecal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>concentrations (95%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt; 0.05) while also reducing (numerically) ileal<jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>concentrations (90%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.06). Additional<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>studies showed that the phage cocktail was also lytic against several non-Typhimurium serovars.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00785-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,24]],"date-time":"2009-10-24T01:09:56Z","timestamp":1256346596000},"page":"48-53","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":181,"title":["Phage Therapy To Reduce Preprocessing<i>Salmonella<\/i>Infections in Market-Weight Swine"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Samantha K.","family":"Wall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos H.","family":"Rostagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. State St., West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, and USDA ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, 915 W. 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