{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:33:59Z","timestamp":1791304439714,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,15]],"date-time":"2009-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1250294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Spores of\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            contain a number of small, acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP) which comprise up to 20% of total spore core protein. The multiple \u03b1\/\u03b2-type SASP have been shown to confer resistance to UV radiation, heat, peroxides, and other sporicidal treatments. In this study, SASP-defective mutants of\n            <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n            and spores deficient in\n            <jats:italic>dacB<\/jats:italic>\n            , a mutation leading to an increased core water content, were used to study the relative contributions of SASP and increased core water content to spore resistance to germicidal 254-nm and simulated environmental UV exposure (280 to 400 nm, 290 to 400 nm, and 320 to 400 nm). Spores of strains carrying mutations in\n            <jats:italic>sspA<\/jats:italic>\n            ,\n            <jats:italic>sspB<\/jats:italic>\n            , and both\n            <jats:italic>sspA<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>sspB<\/jats:italic>\n            (lacking the major SASP-\u03b1 and\/or SASP-\u03b2) were significantly more sensitive to 254-nm and all polychromatic UV exposures, whereas the UV resistance of spores of the\n            <jats:italic>sspE<\/jats:italic>\n            strain (lacking SASP-\u03b3) was essentially identical to that of the wild type. Spores of the\n            <jats:italic>dacB<\/jats:italic>\n            -defective strain were as resistant to 254-nm UV-C radiation as wild-type spores. However, spores of the\n            <jats:italic>dacB<\/jats:italic>\n            strain were significantly more sensitive than wild-type spores to environmental UV treatments of &gt;280 nm. Air-dried spores of the\n            <jats:italic>dacB<\/jats:italic>\n            mutant strain had a significantly higher water content than air-dried wild-type spores. Our results indicate that \u03b1\/\u03b2-type SASP and decreased spore core water content play an essential role in spore resistance to environmentally relevant UV wavelengths whereas SASP-\u03b3 does not.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00789-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,20]],"date-time":"2009-06-20T01:46:03Z","timestamp":1245462363000},"page":"5202-5208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Roles of Small, Acid-Soluble Spore Proteins and Core Water Content in Survival of\n            <i>Bacillus subtilis<\/i>\n            Spores Exposed to Environmental Solar UV Radiation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Ralf","family":"Moeller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Division, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Setlow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular, Microbial and Structural Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gu\u0308nther","family":"Reitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology Division, Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne L.","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b500056d"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2004.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7538699"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.149.3681.308"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"163","volume":"81","year":"2005","unstructured":"Douki, T., B. 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