{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T14:28:42Z","timestamp":1785767322614,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]],"date-time":"2016-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"HHS | National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K01 TW 009484"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01 TW 009484"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Animals are important reservoirs of zoonotic enteropathogens, and transmission to humans occurs more frequently in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where small-scale livestock production is common. In this study, we investigated the presence of zoonotic enteropathogens in stool samples from 64 asymptomatic children and 203 domestic animals of 62 households in a semirural community in Ecuador between June and August 2014. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was used to assess zoonotic transmission of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            and atypical enteropathogenic\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (aEPEC), which were the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in children and domestic animals (30.7% and 10.5%, respectively). Four sequence types (STs) of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            and four STs of aEPEC were identical between children and domestic animals. The apparent sources of human infection were chickens, dogs, guinea pigs, and rabbits for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            and pigs, dogs, and chickens for aEPEC. Other pathogens detected in children and domestic animals were\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Giardia lamblia<\/jats:named-content>\n            (13.1%),\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Cryptosporidium parvum<\/jats:named-content>\n            (1.1%), and Shiga toxin-producing\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            (STEC) (2.6%).\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            was detected in 5 dogs and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:named-content>\n            was identified in 1 pig. Even though we identified 7 enteric pathogens in children, we encountered evidence of active transmission between domestic animals and humans only for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            and aEPEC. We also found evidence that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains from chickens were more likely to be transmitted to humans than those coming from other domestic animals. Our findings demonstrate the complex nature of enteropathogen transmission between domestic animals and humans and stress the need for further studies.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            We found evidence that\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Campylobacter jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Giardia<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and aEPEC organisms were the most common zoonotic enteropathogens in children and domestic animals in a region close to Quito, the capital of Ecuador. Genetic analysis of the isolates suggests transmission of some genotypes of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            and aEPEC from domestic animals to humans in this region. We also found that the genotypes associated with\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">C. jejuni<\/jats:named-content>\n            from chickens were present more often in children than were those from other domestic animals. The potential environmental factors associated with transmission of these pathogens to humans then are discussed.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00795-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,7]],"date-time":"2016-05-07T11:49:59Z","timestamp":1462621799000},"page":"4218-4224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":73,"title":["Detection of Zoonotic Enteropathogens in Children and Domestic Animals in a Semirural Community in Ecuador"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Karla","family":"Vasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Institute, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay P.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Trueba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Institute, Colegio de Ciencias Biologicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60222-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/tru056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031883"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","volume-title":"Human ecology and infectious diseases","author":"Croll NA","year":"2013","unstructured":"Croll NA, Cross JH. 2013. 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