{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T09:40:39Z","timestamp":1776246039323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Propolis (bee glue) is a resinous, sticky, dark-colored material produced by honeybees. Propolis today, due to its medicinal properties, is increasingly popular and is extensively used in food, beverages, and cosmetic products. Besides its numerous positive properties, propolis may also have adverse effects, such as, principally, allergic eczematous contact dermatitis in apiarists and in consumers with an allergic predisposition. In this study, we found appropriate conditions for removing caffeate esters, which are the main allergenic components, from raw propolis. The proposed method consists of the resuspension of propolis in a food grade solvent, followed by a biotransformation based on the cinnamoyl esterase activity of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Lactobacillus helveticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We showed that the reduction of caffeate esters by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. helveticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            did not affect the content of flavonoids, which are the main bioactive molecules of propolis. Furthermore, we verified that the biotransformation of propolis did not cause a loss of antimicrobial activity. Finally, we demonstrated that the ability of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. helveticus<\/jats:named-content>\n            to hydrolyze caffeate esters in propolis is strain specific. In conclusion, the proposed strategy is simple, employs food grade materials, and is effective in selectively removing allergenic molecules without affecting the bioactive fraction of propolis. This is the first study demonstrating that the allergenic caffeate esters of propolis can be eliminated by means of a bacterial biotransformation procedure.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00811-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,21]],"date-time":"2012-04-21T02:55:58Z","timestamp":1334976958000},"page":"4654-4658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Biotransformation Strategy To Reduce Allergens in Propolis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Gardana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Division of Food Microbiology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Simonetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nutrition and Division of Food Microbiology, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Guglielmetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioprocesses, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1990.tb05099.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2000102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1029"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-6915(97)00145-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","volume-title":"Scientific colloquium summary report","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2004","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority. 2004. Scientific colloquium summary report. QPS: qualified presumption of safety of microorganisms in food and feed. European Food Safety Authority, Brussels, Belgium."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food on a request from the commission related to an application on the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a film coating agent for use in food supplement products","volume":"414","author":"European Food Safety Authority","year":"2006","unstructured":"European Food Safety Authority. 2006. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Materials in Contact with Food on a request from the commission related to an application on the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a film coating agent for use in food supplement products. EFSA J. 414:1\u201322.","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and propolis in saliva samples of healthy and periodontally-involved subjects","volume":"7","author":"Feres M","year":"2005","unstructured":"FeresM. 2005. In vitro antimicrobial activity of plant extracts and propolis in saliva samples of healthy and periodontally-involved subjects. J. Int. Acad. Periodontol. 7:90\u201396.","journal-title":"J. Int. Acad. 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Dermatitis 16:127\u2013129.","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-1873.2005.00514.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-873167"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np9904509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2005.01.042"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.FPE05002X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/ABAB:110:2:101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.96"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","first-page":"209","article-title":"Allergic contact dermatitis from propolis","volume":"16","author":"Walgrave SE","year":"2005","unstructured":"WalgraveSE WarshawEM GlesneLA. 2005. Allergic contact dermatitis from propolis. 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