{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:01:51Z","timestamp":1791187311356,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]],"date-time":"2009-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1252972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The majority of\n            <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            isolates recovered from foods and the environment are strains of serogroup 1\/2, especially serotypes 1\/2a and 1\/2b. However, serotype 4b strains cause the majority of human listeriosis outbreaks. Our investigation of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilms used a simulated food-processing system that consisted of repeated cycles of growth, sanitation treatment, and starvation to determine the competitive fitness of strains of serotypes 1\/2a and 4b in pure and mixed-culture biofilms. Selective enumeration of strains of a certain serotype in mixed-culture biofilms on stainless steel coupons was accomplished by using serotype-specific quantitative PCR and propidium monoazide treatment to prevent amplification of extracellular DNA or DNA from dead cells. The results showed that the serotype 1\/2a strains tested were generally more efficient at forming biofilms and predominated in the mixed-culture biofilms. The growth and survival of strains of one serotype were not inhibited by strains of the other serotype in mixed-culture biofilms. However, we found that a cocktail of serotype 4b strains survived and grew significantly better in mixed-culture biofilms containing a specific strain of serotype 1\/2a (strain SK1387), with final cell densities averaging 0.5 log\n            <jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>\n            CFU\/cm\n            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n            higher than without the serotype 1\/2a strain. The methodology used in this study contributed to our understanding of how environmental stresses and microbial competition influence the survival and growth of\n            <jats:italic>L. monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n            in pure and mixed-culture biofilms.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00816-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,1]],"date-time":"2009-08-01T01:27:43Z","timestamp":1249090063000},"page":"5846-5852","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Competition of\n            <i>Listeria monocytogenes<\/i>\n            Serotype 1\/2a and 4b Strains in Mixed-Culture Biofilms"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Youwen","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7615; USDA Agricultural Research 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