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Intestinal oxalate-degrading bacteria could therefore be pivotal in maintaining oxalate homeostasis and reducing the risk of kidney stone development. In this study, the oxalate-degrading activities of 14 bifidobacterial strains were measured by a capillary electrophoresis technique. The<jats:italic>oxc<\/jats:italic>gene, encoding oxalyl-coenzyme A (CoA) decarboxylase, a key enzyme in oxalate catabolism, was isolated by probing a genomic library of<jats:italic>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic>BI07, which was one of the most active strains in the preliminary screening. The genetic and transcriptional organization of<jats:italic>oxc<\/jats:italic>flanking regions was determined, unraveling the presence of two other independently transcribed open reading frames, potentially responsible for the ability of<jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic>to degrade oxalate. pH-controlled batch fermentations revealed that acidic conditions were a prerequisite for a significant oxalate degradation rate, which dramatically increased in cells first adapted to subinhibitory concentrations of oxalate and then exposed to pH 4.5. Oxalate-preadapted cells also showed a strong induction of the genes potentially involved in oxalate catabolism, as demonstrated by a transcriptional analysis using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR. These findings provide new insights into the characterization of oxalate-degrading probiotic bacteria and may support the use of<jats:italic>B. animalis<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>lactis<\/jats:italic>as a promising adjunct for the prophylaxis and management of oxalate-related kidney disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00844-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,3]],"date-time":"2010-07-03T02:26:56Z","timestamp":1278124016000},"page":"5609-5620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Oxalate-Degrading Activity in<i>Bifidobacterium animalis<\/i>subsp.<i>lactis<\/i>: Impact of Acidic Conditions on the Transcriptional Levels of the Oxalyl Coenzyme A (CoA) Decarboxylase and Formyl-CoA Transferase Genes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Turroni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Bendazzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuele C. 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