{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:14:42Z","timestamp":1791231282709,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,15]],"date-time":"2009-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            This report demonstrates the applicability of a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) and chemometrics for rapid and reliable identification of vegetative cells of the causative agent of anthrax,\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            cultures were prepared under standardized conditions and inactivated according to a recently developed MS-compatible inactivation protocol for highly pathogenic microorganisms. MALDI-TOF MS was then employed to collect spectra from the microbial samples and to build up a database of bacterial reference spectra. This database comprised mass peak profiles of 374 strains from\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            and related genera, among them 102 strains of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            and 121 strains of\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            . The information contained in the database was investigated by means of visual inspection of gel view representations, univariate\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            tests for biomarker identification, unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and artificial neural networks (ANNs). Analysis of gel views and independent\n            <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n            tests suggested\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            - and\n            <jats:italic>B. cereus<\/jats:italic>\n            group-specific signals. For example, mass spectra of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            exhibited discriminating biomarkers at 4,606, 5,413, and 6,679 Da. A systematic search in proteomic databases allowed tentative assignment of some of the biomarkers to ribosomal protein or small acid-soluble proteins. Multivariate pattern analysis by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis further revealed a subproteome-based taxonomy of the genus\n            <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic>\n            . Superior classification accuracy was achieved when supervised ANNs were employed. For the identification of\n            <jats:italic>B. anthracis<\/jats:italic>\n            , independent validation of optimized ANN models yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 100%.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00857-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,19]],"date-time":"2009-09-19T01:59:55Z","timestamp":1253325595000},"page":"7229-7242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":127,"title":["Identification of\n            <i>Bacillus anthracis<\/i>\n            by Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Artificial Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Lasch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P25"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Environmental and Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Medicine at the University of Hohenheim, Garbenstra\u00dfe 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Nattermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZBS2, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maren","family":"St\u00e4mmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P25"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrico","family":"Siegbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P25"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roland","family":"Grunow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZBS2, Robert Koch-Institut, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Naumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P25"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.6.2291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1998.3077"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/341902"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3711-3730.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"38","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beyer, W., C. 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