{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T17:01:23Z","timestamp":1790010083808,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":109,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ontario Bean Growers","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05ttfpv30","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008762","name":"Genome Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CSAFS-ICT 19308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CSAFS-ICT 19308"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008762","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ontario Research Fund","award":["File ICT 19308"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["File ICT 19308"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Common bean (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Phaseolus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) is an important crop in Canada and globally. Like other legumes, common bean establishes symbiotic interactions with nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia. However, nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in association with common bean is often suboptimal, constraining its productivity and necessitating the application of nitrogen fertilizer. To support the development of high-performing, locally adapted rhizobial inoculants for Ontario common bean growers, we isolated 216 common bean-nodulating rhizobia from southern Ontario soils using a nodule trapping approach with four common bean cultivars. Whole genome sequencing followed by phylogenomic analyses of all rhizobial isolates revealed substantial diversity, assigning them to 11\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, including two novel species. Nearly all isolates belong to the symbiovar\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">phaseoli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , spanning the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">nodC<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u03b3-a, \u03b3-b, and \u03b1 alleles, with four isolates belonging to the symbiovar\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gallica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Soil origin had a significant impact on the species-level community composition recovered during the nodule trapping experiments. In contrast, host trapping cultivar had only a minor influence on the recovered\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      population. Greenhouse assays demonstrated that one of the novel\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      species exhibited the highest average symbiotic effectiveness, although high-quality isolates were found across multiple species. Together, these results revealed a diverse and genomically variable\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      community capable of forming effective symbioses with common bean in southern Ontario soils. Importantly, our genome-sequenced\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      collection will serve as a valuable resource for identifying competitive and high-quality strains for the development of inoculants tailored to Ontario common bean production.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Common bean is a globally important food crop, yet its productivity is often limited by suboptimal nitrogen fixation, forcing growers to rely on synthetic fertilizers. Consequently, identifying high\u2011performing, locally adapted inoculant strains is essential for reducing dependence on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers and improving the sustainability of temperate agroecosystems. Our study provides a genome\u2011sequenced collection of common bean-nodulating\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      from southern Ontario, revealing substantial species and genomic diversity across sampling locations. Greenhouse studies allowed us to identify multiple isolates that consistently fix nitrogen with, and enhance the growth of, common bean plants. Our findings highlight strong biogeographical structuring of the effective and competitive subpopulations of rhizobial communities and demonstrate that Ontario soils already harbor strains with high symbiotic potential. In addition, our\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhizobium<\/jats:italic>\n                      collection represents a foundational resource to support future inoculant development and enables future work on the ecology, evolution, and applied optimization of legume\u2013rhizobium symbioses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00912-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:01:07Z","timestamp":1789477267000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isolation of rhizobia from Ontario soils that are effective at fixing nitrogen with common bean (\n                    <i>Phaseolus vulgaris<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0282-1094","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tia L.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y72wh86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Queen's University","place":["Kingston, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4443-6079","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Upkardeep S.","family":"Pandher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y72wh86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Queen's University","place":["Kingston, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y72wh86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Queen's University","place":["Kingston, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9510-4484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oona","family":"Esme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02y72wh86","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Biology, Queen's University","place":["Kingston, Canada"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6139-8259","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Erika M. 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