{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:46:58Z","timestamp":1790358418449,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]],"date-time":"2008-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1221436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            We investigated the distribution and activity of chloroethene-degrading microorganisms and associated functional genes during reductive dehalogenation of tetrachloroethene to ethene in a laboratory continuous-flow column. Using real-time PCR, we quantified \u201c\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            \u201d species 16S rRNA and chloroethene-reductive dehalogenase (RDase) genes (\n            <jats:italic>pceA, tceA, vcrA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>bvcA<\/jats:italic>\n            ) in nucleic acid extracts from different sections of the column.\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            16S rRNA gene copies were highest at the inflow port [(3.6 \u00b1 0.6) \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n            (mean \u00b1 standard deviation) per gram soil] where the electron donor and acceptor were introduced into the column. The highest transcript numbers for\n            <jats:italic>tceA, vcrA<\/jats:italic>\n            , and\n            <jats:italic>bvcA<\/jats:italic>\n            were detected 5 to 10 cm from the column inflow.\n            <jats:italic>bvcA<\/jats:italic>\n            was the most highly expressed of all RDase genes and the only vinyl chloride reductase-encoding transcript detectable close to the column outflow. Interestingly, no expression of\n            <jats:italic>pceA<\/jats:italic>\n            was detected in the column, despite the presence of the genes in the microbial community throughout the column. By comparing the 16S rRNA gene copy numbers to the sum of all four RDase genes, we found that 50% of the\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            population in the first part of the column did not contain either one of the known chloroethene RDase genes. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene clone libraries from both ends of the flow column revealed a microbial community dominated by members of\n            <jats:italic>Firmicutes<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>Actinobacteria<\/jats:italic>\n            . Higher clone sequence diversity was observed near the column outflow. The results presented have implications for our understanding of the ecophysiology of reductively dehalogenating\n            <jats:italic>Dehalococcoides<\/jats:italic>\n            spp. and their role in bioremediation of chloroethenes.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00926-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,2]],"date-time":"2008-08-02T01:29:55Z","timestamp":1217640595000},"page":"5695-5703","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Monitoring Abundance and Expression of \u201c\n            <i>Dehalococcoides<\/i>\n            \u201d Species Chloroethene-Reductive Dehalogenases in a Tetrachloroethene-Dechlorinating Flow Column"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Behrens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 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