{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:39:54Z","timestamp":1791409194230,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Intracellular symbiosis (endosymbiosis) with gram-negative bacteria is common in insects, yet little is known about how the host immune system perceives the endosymbionts and controls their growth and invasion without complete bacterial clearance. In this study, we have explored the expression of a peptidoglycan recognition protein gene of the weevil\n            <jats:italic>Sitophilus zeamais<\/jats:italic>\n            (\n            <jats:italic>wPGRP<\/jats:italic>\n            ); an ortholog in\n            <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic>\n            (i.e.,\n            <jats:italic>PGRP-LB<\/jats:italic>\n            ) was recently shown to downregulate the Imd pathway (A. Zaidman-Remy, M. Herve, M. Poidevin, S. Pili-Floury, M. S. Kim, D. Blanot, B. H. Oh, R. Ueda, D. Mengin-Lecreulx, and B. Lemaitre, Immunity\n            <jats:bold>24:<\/jats:bold>\n            463-473, 2006). Insect challenges with bacteria have demonstrated that\n            <jats:italic>wPGRP<\/jats:italic>\n            is induced by gram-negative bacteria and that the level of induction depends on bacterial growth. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR quantification of the\n            <jats:italic>wPGRP<\/jats:italic>\n            gene transcript performed at different points in insect development has shown a high steady-state level in the bacteria-bearing organ (the bacteriome) of larvae and a high level of\n            <jats:italic>wPGRP<\/jats:italic>\n            up-regulation in the symbiotic nymphal phase. Concomitantly, during this stage fluorescence in situ hybridization has revealed an endosymbiont release from the host bacteriocytes. Together with the previously described high induction level of endosymbiont virulence genes at the nymphal phase (C. Dale, G. R. Plague, B. Wang, H. Ochman, and N. A. Moran, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA\n            <jats:bold>99:<\/jats:bold>\n            12397-12402, 2002), these findings indicate that insect mutualistic relationships evolve through an interplay between bacterial virulence and host immune defense and that the host immunity engages the\n            <jats:italic>PGRP<\/jats:italic>\n            gene family in that interplay.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00942-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,4]],"date-time":"2006-10-04T17:50:39Z","timestamp":1159984239000},"page":"6766-6772","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Host\n            <i>PGRP<\/i>\n            Gene Expression and Bacterial Release in Endosymbiosis of the Weevil\n            <i>Sitophilus zeamais<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Caroline","family":"Anselme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), UMR INRA\/INSA de Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agne\u0300s","family":"Vallier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), UMR INRA\/INSA de Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u0301verine","family":"Balmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), UMR INRA\/INSA de Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Odile","family":"Fauvarque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Biophysique et Biochimie des Syste\u0300mes Inte\u0301gre\u0301s (BBSI), UMR5092 CEA\/CNRS\/UJF, De\u0301partement de Re\u0301ponse et Dynamique Cellulaires, 38000 CEA-Grenoble, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelaziz","family":"Heddi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie Fonctionnelle, Insectes et Interactions (BF2I), UMR INRA\/INSA de Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng986"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1123"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0020014"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0000070"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Buchner P. 1965. Endosymbiosis of animals with plant microorganisms. Interscience Publishers New York N.Y."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.phyto.39.1.259"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0965-1748(97)00005-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404952102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1070216"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.182213299"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msg138"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2540.1998.00455.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2003.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mpat.2002.0504"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1533499100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature734"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","first-page":"67","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heddi, A. 2003. Endosymbiosis in the weevil of the genus Sitophilus: genetic, physiological, and molecular interactions among associated genomes, p. 67-82. In K. Bourtzis and T. Miller (ed.), Insect symbiosis. CRC Press, Washington, D.C.","journal-title":"Insect symbiosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.12.6814"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","first-page":"1","volume":"39","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heddi, A., and P. Nardon. 2005. Sitophilus oryzae L.: a model for intracellular symbiosis in the Dryophthoridae weevils (Coleoptera). Symbiosis39:1-11.","journal-title":"Symbiosis"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.33.22968"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"293","volume":"7","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heddi, A., A. Vallier, C. Anselme, H. Xin, Y. Rahb\u00e9, and F. W\u00e4ckers. 2005. Molecular and cellular profiles of insect bacteriocytes: mutualism and harm at the initial evolutionary step of symbiogenesis. Cell Microbiol.7:293-305.","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.17.10078"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(03)00121-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msh063"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni922"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00276.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","unstructured":"The influence of cooperative bacteria on animal host biology 2005 vol. 10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M208900200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/414756a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0409034102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"981","volume":"277","year":"1973","unstructured":"Nardon, P. 1973. Obtention d'une souche asymbiotique chez le charan\u00e7on Sitophilus sasakii Tak: diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9thodes d'obtention et comparaison avec la souche symbiotique d'origine. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris277D:981-984.","journal-title":"C. R. Acad. Sci. 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