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This minireview integrates quality management system (QMS) principles across the entire wastewater surveillance workflow, including sample collection, laboratory analysis, data interpretation, and reporting, to ensure reliability, reproducibility, and cross-site comparability. The review presents the novel framework of wastewater surveillance as a structured operational architecture, highlighting how biological variability, sampling design, analytical workflows, and interpretive strategies interact within a unified system. It provides decision-oriented guidance for interpreting heterogeneous and low-prevalence signals, integrating system-level metadata, tiered analytical approaches (reverse transcription quantitative PCR [RT-qPCR], digital PCR, sequencing), and strategies for linking molecular measurements to actionable public health decisions. Additionally, it addresses the incorporation of One Health perspectives and multi-level governance\u2014from municipal infrastructure to national coordination\u2014to enhance early detection, outbreak mitigation, and coordinated response. By translating complex environmental and molecular inputs into a coherent operational framework, this work equips public health agencies and researchers to design resilient, scalable, and evidence-based wastewater surveillance systems that support early warning and effective management of emerging infectious disease threats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.00950-26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T14:39:52Z","timestamp":1783694392000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Toward a quality-managed operational architecture for wastewater surveillance of zoonotic and emerging pathogens"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1806-4064","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rajendra","family":"Kothavade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Horsham Water and Sewer Authority","place":["Horsham, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/015b0dz43","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Rhode Island Department of Health, Environmental Science Center","place":["Providence, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03rjctb63","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"PFAS and Emerging Contaminants, Water Environment Federation (WEF)","place":["Alexandria, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164561"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13051169"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.24.292285"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164495"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7502a2"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.164414"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.57187\/s.3706"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1563"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803678-5.00517-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.172593"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2026.101340"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2024.307760"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12560-024-09616-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.107478"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","volume-title":"Wastewater-based disease surveillance for public health action","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","year":"2023","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2023. 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