{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:05:48Z","timestamp":1762506348652},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]],"date-time":"2014-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1408060800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Non-O1\/O139\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is naturally present in aquatic ecosystems and has been linked with cholera-like diarrhea and local outbreaks. The distribution of virulence-associated genes and genetic relationships among aquatic isolates from China are largely unknown. In this study, 295 aquatic isolates of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            non-O1\/O139 serogroups from different regions in China were investigated. Only one isolate was positive for\n            <jats:italic>ctxB<\/jats:italic>\n            and harbored a rare genotype; 10 (3.4%) isolates carried several types of\n            <jats:italic>rstR<\/jats:italic>\n            sequences, eight of which carried rare types of toxin-coregulated pili (\n            <jats:italic>tcpA<\/jats:italic>\n            ). Furthermore, 16 (5.4%) isolates carried incomplete (with partial open reading frames [ORFs]) vibrio seventh pandemic island I (VSP-I) or VSP-II clusters, which were further classified as 11 novel types. PCR-based analyses revealed remarkable variations in the distribution of putative virulence genes, including\n            <jats:italic>mshA<\/jats:italic>\n            (95.6%),\n            <jats:italic>hlyA<\/jats:italic>\n            (95.3%),\n            <jats:italic>rtxC<\/jats:italic>\n            (89.8%),\n            <jats:italic>rtxA<\/jats:italic>\n            (82.7%), IS1004 (52.9%),\n            <jats:italic>chxA<\/jats:italic>\n            (30.2%), SXT (15.3%), type III secretion system (18.0%), and NAG-ST (3.7%) genes. There was no correlation between the prevalence of putative virulence genes and that of CTX prophage or TCP genes, whereas there were correlations among the putative virulence genes. Further multilocus sequence typing (MLST) placed selected isolates (\n            <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n            = 70) into 69 unique sequence types (STs), which were different from those of the toxigenic O1 and O139 counterparts, and each isolate occupied a different position in the MLST tree. The\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            non-O1\/O139 aquatic isolates predominant in China have high genotypic diversity; these strains constitute a reservoir of potential virulence genes, which may contribute to evolution of pathogenic isolates.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01021-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,7]],"date-time":"2014-06-07T08:26:22Z","timestamp":1402129582000},"page":"4987-4992","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Distribution of Virulence-Associated Genes and Genetic Relationships in Non-O1\/O139 Vibrio cholerae Aquatic Isolates from China"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Fengjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baisheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changwen","family":"Ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aiping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC of Fujian Province, Fuzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CDC of Dandong, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haijian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"J. Glenn","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Duochun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC\/State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.48"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2004.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02026-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1015","article-title":"Distribution and sequence analysis of virulence associated genes in Vibrio cholerae O1, O139 and non-O1\/non-O139 isolates from Thailand","volume":"40","author":"Kondo S","year":"2009","unstructured":"KondoSAjawatanawongP. 2009. 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