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The experimental transfer of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>between distantly related host species often results in the loss of infection, presumably due to an inability of<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>to adapt quickly to the new host. To examine the process of adaptation to a novel host, we transferred a life-shortening<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>strain,<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop, from the fruit fly<jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>into a cell line derived from the mosquito<jats:italic>Aedes albopictus<\/jats:italic>. After long-term serial passage in this cell line, we transferred the mosquito-adapted<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop into cell lines derived from two other mosquito species,<jats:italic>Aedes aegypti<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Anopheles gambiae<\/jats:italic>. After a prolonged period of serial passage in mosquito cell lines,<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop was reintroduced into its native host,<jats:italic>D. melanogaster<\/jats:italic>, by embryonic microinjection. The cell line-adapted<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop strains were characterized by a loss of infectivity when reintroduced into the original host, grew to decreased densities, and had reduced abilities to cause life-shortening infection and cytoplasmic incompatibility compared to the original strain. We interpret these shifts in phenotype as evidence for genetic adaptation to the mosquito intracellular environment. The use of cell lines to preadapt<jats:italic>Wolbachia<\/jats:italic>to novel hosts is suggested as a possible strategy to improve the success of transinfection in novel target insect species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01038-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,4]],"date-time":"2008-10-04T01:09:42Z","timestamp":1223082582000},"page":"6963-6969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":139,"title":["Host Adaptation of a<i>Wolbachia<\/i>Strain after Long-Term Serial Passage in Mosquito Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Conor J.","family":"McMeniman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy W. C.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis A.","family":"Voronin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrenteva 10, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"In\u0303aki","family":"Iturbe-Ormaetxe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"McGraw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott L.","family":"O'Neill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"Drosophila: a laboratory manual. 1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"585","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ashburner, M., and J. 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