{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:56:02Z","timestamp":1787752562864,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]],"date-time":"2017-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508025600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Newfoundland and Labrador Forestry and Agrifoods Agency"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000038","name":"Gouvernement du Canada | Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["341561"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["341561"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000038","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005616","name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>The first report of members of the spirochete genus<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>in the seabird tick,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes uriae<\/jats:named-content>, and seabird colonies occurred during the early 1990s. Since then,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>spp. have been detected in these ticks and seabird colonies around the world. To date, the primary species detected has been<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia garinii<\/jats:named-content>, with rare occurrences of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:named-content><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">sensu stricto<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia lusitaniae.<\/jats:named-content>During our research on<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. uriae<\/jats:named-content>in seabird colonies of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, we have identified<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content><jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. uriae<\/jats:named-content>. To our knowledge,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>has previously been found only in the Eurasian tick species<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes persulcatus<\/jats:named-content>and<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:named-content>, and it was believed to be a rodent-specific<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Borrelia<\/jats:named-content>ecotype. We found<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>within<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. uriae<\/jats:named-content>from three seabird colonies over three calendar years. We also reanalyzed<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. garinii<\/jats:named-content>sequences collected from<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. uriae<\/jats:named-content>from Eurasian seabird colonies and determined that sequences from two Russian seabird colonies likely also represent<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>. The Canadian<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>sequences from<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. uriae<\/jats:named-content>analyzed in this study cluster with previously described sequences from Asia. Overall, this is an important discovery that illustrates and expands the range of hosts and vectors for<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>, and it raises questions regarding the possible mechanisms of pathogen dispersal from Asia to North America.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>outside Eurasia. Additionally, the bacterium was found in a marine ecosystem involving the seabird tick<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">I. uriae<\/jats:named-content>and its associated seabird hosts. This indicates that the epizootiology of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">B. bavariensis<\/jats:named-content>transmission is much different from what had been described, with this species previously believed to be a rodent-specific ecotype, and it indicates that this pathogen is established, or establishing, much more widely.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01087-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,12]],"date-time":"2017-08-12T01:00:40Z","timestamp":1502499640000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evidence for Borrelia bavariensis Infections of Ixodes uriae within Seabird Colonies of the North Atlantic Ocean"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Munro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas H.","family":"Ogden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Groupe de Recherche en \u00c9pid\u00e9miologie des Zoonoses et Sant\u00e9 Publique, Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine V\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Saint-Hyacinthe, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. 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