{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:02:52Z","timestamp":1791165772974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Vibrio cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            is a halophilic, Gram-negative rod found in marine environments. Strains that produce cholera toxin cause the diarrheal disease cholera.\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            use a highly conserved, multicomponent signal transduction cascade known as the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (PTS) to regulate carbohydrate uptake and biofilm formation. Regulation of biofilm formation by the PTS is complex, involving many different regulatory pathways that incorporate distinct PTS components. The PTS consists of the general components enzyme I (EI) and histidine protein (HPr) and carbohydrate-specific enzymes II. Mannitol transport by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            requires the mannitol-specific EII (EII\n            <jats:sup>Mtl<\/jats:sup>\n            ), which is expressed only in the presence of mannitol. Here we show that mannitol activates\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            biofilm formation and transcription of the\n            <jats:italic>vps<\/jats:italic>\n            biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide synthesis genes. This regulation is dependent on mannitol transport. However, we show that, in the absence of mannitol, ectopic expression of the B subunit of EII\n            <jats:sup>Mtl<\/jats:sup>\n            is sufficient to activate biofilm accumulation. Mannitol, a common compatible solute and osmoprotectant of marine organisms, is a main photosynthetic product of many algae and is secreted by algal mats. We propose that the ability of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">V. cholerae<\/jats:named-content>\n            to respond to environmental mannitol by forming a biofilm may play an important role in habitat selection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01184-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T05:15:48Z","timestamp":1370063748000},"page":"4675-4683","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Mannitol and the Mannitol-Specific Enzyme IIB Subunit Activate Vibrio cholerae Biofilm Formation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ymele-Leki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laetitia","family":"Houot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula I.","family":"Watnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-011-0221-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.9.5079-5088.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00605.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2334614100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002210"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2005.04797.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01569-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.3.1049-1059.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2002.03023.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01837.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00708-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.06277-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(03)00295-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01240-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2011.07867.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2009.01744.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.187.21.7434-7443.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01410-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01356-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00024-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.240510113"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.25.11583"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.42.26511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","first-page":"385","article-title":"Regulation of E. coli glycogen phosphorylase activity by HPr","volume":"3","author":"Seok YJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"SeokYJ KooBM SondejM PeterkofskyA. 2001. 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