{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:26:43Z","timestamp":1789864003449,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,1]],"date-time":"2017-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1509494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"USDA | National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2011-2012-67017-30218"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2011-2012-67017-30218"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30ES025128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30ES025128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Appl Environ Microbiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In the foodborne pathogen\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            , arsenic resistance is encountered primarily in serotype 4b clones considered to have enhanced virulence and is associated with an arsenic resistance gene cluster within a 35-kb chromosomal region,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n            genomic island 2 (LGI2). LGI2 was first identified in strain Scott A and includes genes putatively involved in arsenic and cadmium resistance, DNA integration, conjugation, and pathogenicity. However, the genomic localization and sequence content of LGI2 remain poorly characterized. Here we investigated 85 arsenic-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains, mostly of serotype 4b. All but one of the 70 serotype 4b strains belonged to clonal complex 1 (CC1), CC2, and CC4, three major clones associated with enhanced virulence. PCR analysis suggested that 53 strains (62.4%) harbored an island highly similar to LGI2 of Scott A, frequently (42\/53) in the same location as Scott A (\n            <jats:italic>LMOf2365_2257<\/jats:italic>\n            homolog). Random-primed PCR and whole-genome sequencing revealed seven novel insertion sites, mostly internal to chromosomal coding sequences, among strains harboring LGI2 outside the\n            <jats:italic>LMOf2365_2257<\/jats:italic>\n            homolog. Interestingly, many CC1 strains harbored a noticeably diversified LGI2 (LGI2-1) in a unique location (\n            <jats:italic>LMOf2365_0902<\/jats:italic>\n            homolog) and with a novel additional gene. With few exceptions, the tested LGI2 genes were not detected in arsenic-resistant strains of serogroup 1\/2, which instead often harbored a Tn\n            <jats:italic>554<\/jats:italic>\n            -associated arsenic resistance determinant not encountered in serotype 4b. These findings indicate that in\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            , LGI2 has a propensity for certain serotype 4b clones, exhibits content diversity, and is highly promiscuous, suggesting an ability to mobilize various accessory genes into diverse chromosomal loci.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            is widely distributed in the environment and causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease with high mortality and morbidity. Arsenic and other heavy metals can powerfully shape the populations of human pathogens with pronounced environmental lifestyles such as\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            . Arsenic resistance is encountered primarily in certain serotype 4b clones considered to have enhanced virulence and is associated with a large chromosomal island,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Listeria<\/jats:named-content>\n            genomic island 2 (LGI2). LGI2 also harbors a cadmium resistance cassette and genes putatively involved in DNA integration, conjugation, and pathogenicity. Our findings indicate that LGI2 exhibits pronounced content plasticity and is capable of transferring various accessory genes into diverse chromosomal locations. LGI2 may serve as a paradigm on how exposure to a potent environmental toxicant such as arsenic may have dynamically selected for arsenic-resistant subpopulations in certain clones of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">L. monocytogenes<\/jats:named-content>\n            which also contribute significantly to disease.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01189-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,26]],"date-time":"2017-08-26T00:25:41Z","timestamp":1503707141000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["The Arsenic Resistance-Associated Listeria Genomic Island LGI2 Exhibits Sequence and Integration Site Diversity and a Propensity for Three Listeria monocytogenes Clones with Enhanced Virulence"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Sangmi","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd J.","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dereje D.","family":"Jima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"},{"name":"Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Parsons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kathariou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420015188.ch4","volume-title":"Listeria, listeriosis, and food safety","author":"Painter J","year":"2007","unstructured":"Painter J SlutskerL. 2007. Listeriosis in humans, p 85\u2013110. InRyserET MarthEH (ed), Listeria, listeriosis, and food safety, 3rd ed. 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Soil quality\u2014urban technical note no. 3. Heavy metal soil contamination. http:\/\/www.nrcs.usda.gov\/Internet\/FSE_DOCUMENTS\/nrcs142p2_053279.pdf. Accessed 23 March 2017."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.8.3819-3822.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01127-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01453-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06378-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02844-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2836(05)80360-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011147"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh562"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn179"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.05048-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01008-10"}],"container-title":["Applied and Environmental Microbiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01189-17","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/AEM.01189-17","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T18:31:46Z","timestamp":1645641106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/AEM.01189-17"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Edward G.","family":"Dudley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/AEM.01189-17"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aem.01189-17","relation":{},"ISSN":["0099-2240","1098-5336"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0099-2240","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5336","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2017-05-31","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-08-11","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2017-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01189-17"}}