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Microcosm-based carbon uptake assays where oxygenic photosynthesis was excluded via addition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea yielded a light-driven dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) assimilation rate (7 \u00b1 2 mg C g C\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      h\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) comparable to those of highly productive algal mats in acidic hot springs, suggesting that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. globiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      may be performing photoautotrophy at the time of the assay. Rates of acetate assimilation were more than two orders of magnitude lower than DIC assimilation and did not differ between light and dark treatments, indicating photoheterotrophic use of acetate was not occurring, though photoheterotrophic assimilation of other organic compounds cannot be excluded. The tepid (35\u00b0C) spring waters are acidic (pH = 3.7) with moderate dissolved hydrogen sulfide (0.2 mM) and abundant DIC (11 mM), an apparently rare set of conditions thought to arise from extremely shallow mixing of oxygenated meteoric water and volcanic gases. Though originally isolated and cultured photoheterotrophically, in nature,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. globiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      may grow photoautotrophically under the normal conditions of its habitat, utilizing a stable supply of DIC afforded by the injection of CO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -rich volcanic gases. To our knowledge, these are the most acidic conditions under which light-driven DIC assimilation has been observed in the domain Bacteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Purple nonsulfur bacteria are ecologically diverse and metabolically versatile anoxygenic phototrophs; however, only a few acid-tolerant species are known. We identified populations of the purple nonsulfur bacterium\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rhodopila globiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                        in warm, acidic springs with moderate (~0.2 mM) concentrations of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in two thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming, USA). Comprehensive geochemical analyses of the spring waters illustrate that they are formed by mixing of groundwater and CO\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                        -rich volcanic gases extremely close to the surface, relatively rare conditions that lead to characterization of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. globiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                        as an endangered species. A high rate of light-driven assimilation of dissolved CO\n                        <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                        that rivals rates for acidophilic algae was observed, indicating that\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">R. globiformis<\/jats:italic>\n                        is responsible for a significant amount of primary production and suggesting it may primarily grow photoautotrophically in nature. These observations constitute the first insights into the physiological ecology of the most acidophilic anaerobic anoxygenic phototroph presently known.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.01217-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T13:00:20Z","timestamp":1757509220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary production by the purple nonsulfur bacterium\n                    <i>Rhodopila globiformis<\/i>\n                    in an acidic, moderately sulfidic warm spring"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"91","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-2912","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristopher M.","family":"Fecteau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03efmqc40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University","place":["Tempe, USA"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03efmqc40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University","place":["Tempe, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3985-9395","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Katelyn M.","family":"Weeks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03efmqc40","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University","place":["Tempe, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-8686","authenticated-orcid":true,"suffix":"II","given":"R. 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